Synthesis and Purification of Acetylsalicylic Acid free essay sample

Union and Purification of Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA or Aspirin) Background Salicylic corrosive is a phenol just as a carboxylic corrosive. It can along these lines experience two unique kinds of esterification responses, making an ester either with the hydroxyl or with the corrosive. Within the sight of acidic anhydride, acetylsalicylic corrosive (ibuprofen or ASA) is shaped. Correspondingly, an overabundance of methanol will frame methyl salicylate, which is additionally a pain relieving. In this analysis, we will utilize the previous response to get ready anti-inflamatory medicine. Salicylic corrosive won't respond essentially with acidic corrosive to create anti-inflamatory medicine. Acidic corrosive anhydride, in any case, is more responsive than acidic corrosive on the grounds that the acetoxy bunch (- O2CCH3) is a vastly improved leaving bunch than the OH-of acidic corrosive. The response has one entanglement, in any case, in that an esterification can happen between the phenol and corrosive segment of nearby salicylic corrosive particles. Further, more atoms can tie to the staying free substituents on these particles to make a macromolecule, or polymer. We will compose a custom article test on Amalgamation and Purification of Acetylsalicylic Acid or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The polymer is framed as a side-effect. Acetylsalicylic corrosive will respond with sodium bicarbonate to shape a water-dissolvable sodium salt, though the polymer stays insoluble. This distinction can be utilized to purge the anti-inflamatory medicine item. The most probable debasement in the last item is salicylic corrosive, which can be either unconsumed reactant, or the aftereffect of hydrolysis of the anti-inflamatory medicine item. Salicylic corrosive is evacuated during the purging strides too. Salicylic corrosive, as most phenols, frames an exceptionally hued complex with ferric chloride, and is handily distinguished. Anti-inflamatory medicine doesn't frame the hued complex on the grounds that the hydroxyl has been acetylated. Give arranged and trial MP’s to item. Report mass and moles for the reactant and item, and compute yield % on a molar premise. Instrument The system is called nucleophilic acyl replacement. It is comparative, yet not indistinguishable, to the hydrolysis on pg 802. The entering nucleophile is salicylic corrosive, not water. On the subsequent tetrahedral transitional, the H from salicylic corrosive moves to the center O on the anhydride. At last, the leaving bunch is acidic corrosive, not chloride. No base is included. Give structures of all intermediates in your lab report.

Introductory Speech Essay Example for Free

Starting Speech Essay Presentation: Somebody once said; an image paints a thousand words. To me that’s a hundred percent valid. I began photography when I was at a youthful age, around twelve. I conveyed my camera wherever I went to catch each memory, each landscape that was around me in one straightforward photograph. I love the way that with film, you’re stayed with the photograph on paper, while with advanced you can erase it and lose it until the end of time. Here are a few reasons why I acquired my film camera, in addition to the fact that it describes my enthusiasm for photography, however the focal points I glance through can catch my life in a tick. Theory: I think my film camera uncover a ton about me †my ordinary exercises and side interests, yet the occasions that occur through my life. Body: Review: If you take a gander at the camera, you can tell how old it is and the amount it has been utilized. 1. I am an innovative individual a. I take pictures of anything, from scenes, to irregular items lying around on the ground †in which I make something out of it. b. I’m into workmanship, in addition to the fact that I take photos, however when I do I will in general paint them to broaden them. Progress: The inside of my camera can reveal to you a ton about what I do with the move of film, yet when created, they likewise can give intimations to who I am and where I have been. 1. I love to be outside, and with family a. With respect to taking pictures of loved ones, individuals die, they change, and when Im in school I know Ill presumably never observe them again so I like to have the recollections. I. I just get the chance to see family once per year, and catching the uncommon minutes we have together is the thing that causes the minutes to appear to keep going forever. b. The film inside (when present and grown) likewise gives a great deal of photographs that catch my life outside. I. I appreciate going outdoors, I invest my larger part of the energy out strolling and getting a charge out of the hues and environmental factors of the outside. ii. I for one appreciate taking pictures of landscape since I like to catch nature before its decimated yet in addition since its continually evolving. End: So you can see my camera catches the innovative side of me. It has been an observer to my ordinary experiences and the numerous excursions. You could get familiar with a great deal about me by taking a gander at the photos I have taken. When Im behind my camera, I now and then feel like Im taking a gander at the world through somebody elses eyes.

How to Use Cheap Paper Writing Services

How to Use Cheap Paper Writing ServicesCheap paper writing services come in many different forms, all of which have their benefits and drawbacks. You need to decide whether you want to hire a small business or a large one to do the work for you, but you also need to make sure that you get the best out of your money.The first and most obvious advantage of cheap paper writing services is that you can get quality work done for much less than you might expect. The best paper writing services don't just try to cut corners or give you what they consider a low rate; they'll go the extra mile to get the work done right the first time. If you're not sure how, ask about professional proofreading services and how they go about fixing problems in the text.Your writing should be tight and easy to read, so make sure that it's legible on the first try. Look for the benefits of the page layout. For example, instead of just having left and right sides of the page, look for multi-column text or page b reaks that give the eye more room to look around.Cheap paper writing services are still providing a service. They are still using paper and ink to get the job done, even if they can charge you less. They may offer cheaper pricing as a way of providing their service more cheaply, but that doesn't mean that they're not still doing it. You still have to get your finished product.Cheap paper writing services aren't necessarily inefficient or anything like that. Many printing companies are quite good at what they do. Even those who offer a lot of online advertising should still have a good grasp of what a particular style of writing would look like. Ask them about page spacing, using fonts and colors to their liking, and knowing the general kind of look they're trying to achieve.The services that you choose should provide exactly what you need. Don't just hire the cheapest service you find. Find one that's willing to match your needs with theirs, providing a service tailored to the detai ls you need to know. There should be plenty of support out there for you when you get started in writing online, and good paper writing services should be able to help you through the entire process.Even if you're an experienced writer, services that offer fast turnaround for their papers are likely to be cheaper than those that take longer. This is because the fast turnaround service is only running a small number of words and letting the paper printing do the rest. If you're a person who has a lot of input into the final product, the lowest possible price should be the same as the most affordable kind of service.Cheap paper writing services are here to stay. Whether you want a larger or smaller company to do the work for you, or you just want to get the work done at a lower cost, a cheap service is probably going to be your best bet.

Binding Energy Definition

Binding Energy Definition: The energy required to either separate an electron from an atom or to separate the protons and neutrons of an atomic nucleus.

Since Diversity Plays A Critical Role In Today’S Business

Since diversity plays a critical role in today’s business world, it could create conflicts among team members in the organization. Conflicts can be separated into two types which are functional and dysfunctional conflicts. It can be either positively or negatively affect the team and organization, depending on its type (Tjosvold, 2008). The first conflict type is functional conflict in which team members have different ideas and opinions for one issue and end up with the positive result to both parties. They brought up two different solutions and solve those issues together by face to face until acceptance and respecting for differences. Their aim is to explore and resolve the problems mutually and make it an opportunity for the company†¦show more content†¦It could cause marketing team to have difficulties during the work process since sometimes it is impossible to follow everything project managers ask for. 2. Not enough resources: Departments will compete with each other for resources, including money, time, human resource and materials. This can cause teams to have conflicts between departments or other work groups. Valuable resources need to be protected, as well as distributed fairly among all the groups. Case: From my personal experience, most of the departments in the organization, especially project manager and integrated marketing communication manager would have conflict with each other due to the insufficient resources such as team budget. Each department manager would fight for the maximum budget they could have. 3. Interpersonal relationships: It can be occurred when people have different personalities and need to work together, resulting in conflict of interpersonal relationships. These kinds of conflict can be overcome if people understand with each other and deal with those issues before conflict happens. Case: According to the sales team, salespersons have different personality which can create conflicts among them. Sometimes, it could cause the problem when they need to work together since they prefer not to talk directly, resulting in delaying work and reducing the work quality. However, being in a conflict is not always caused a negative result. According toShow MoreRelatedCultural Environment Of International Business Essay1327 Words   |  6 PagesEnvironment of International Business Vanda Mallo Keiser University â€Æ' Abstract Understanding the management role relative to cultural influences is critical for today’s managers who want to interact proficiently across borders. One important concept which provides insight into the idea of intercultural aptitude is the notion of â€Å"mindfulness† or the ability to interact with others from different cultures. 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The Effect of Indoor Environmental Quality of a Green Building Free Essays

THE EFFECT OF INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY OF A GREEN BUILDING TOWARDS ITS USER’S/OCCUPANT ‘S LEVEL OF COMFORT LITERATURE REVIEW Green edifices need an attack including consideration towards wellness and well-being of the residents in every facets of the build undertakings, non merely for the single flat unit but for the full edifice, based on a wider context about the environment and the community about. This affair can be a immense attack which need an incorporate thought for the designers, interior decorators, developers and authorities who is responsible in the community planning ( Plass N 2007 ) . Even though we are still in early phase, constructing a sustainable edifice presents is an set up construct with increasing rate of demand in most states where it is supported by authorities in Europe, America, China, Hong Kong, Japan, and Korea. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Indoor Environmental Quality of a Green Building or any similar topic only for you Order Now These authorities have been promoted by their several Green Building Councils. In a rate where ages is threatened by the clime presents, there is an increasing demand for energy and resource efficient edifice, but there is besides a demand to construct a healthy and comfy places that is non affected by undue emanations of harmful substances ( Yu CWF 2010 ) , blaze ( PR 2010 ) or deficient lighting ( Lim HS 2010 ) , noise ( Han MH 2010 ) , hot and cold clime ( Daghigh R 2009 ) , where residents can really experience safe, can interact with each other freely and can construct hope for our hereafter. For commercial edifices, there are studies of grounds about the environmentally certified edifices are raising in the facets of personal control, twenty-four hours lighting, thermic comfort, air quality and noise decrease which can increase the productiveness of persons in order for them to make work or concern operation ( Lee YS 2010 ) . Meanwhile this current research is besides about th e reappraisal of environmental appraisal strategies based on IEQ issues where it can give a immense impact on the satisfaction degree of residents. ( Browning W 1995 ) have made a study on the multiple pre-post observational surveies which examined the consequence on energy efficient designs on the productiveness of the workers. one of their survey is affecting an energy efficient retrofit to the Main Post Office in Reno, Nevada. A new ceiling was fitted inside the edifice for an betterment of light, temperature, and noise within the scope of mail sorting room. Productivity eventually been reported to hold the consequences in increased of 6-8 % after the retrofit installed. Similar to other single-group pre station survey of this sort, nevertheless, one ‘s demands to be more careful when saying other grounds for the ascertained addition. They besides argue about the issue of coinciding program to better productiveness in clip of the retrofit which they stated that there are none and the productiveness was ever measured. Unfortunately, the graph that they presented merely demo the elevation of the productiveness followed by retrofit. If productiveness was measured as a normal operation, it would be a sourceful information to demo the productiveness informations during the pre-retrofit period. They stated that productiveness that been acquired in Reno Office are higher comparison to other sorters in western part of United States. However, the information for this other offices are non presented. Therefore, the groundss that proves the relationship between energy efficient design and the productiveness in this survey was non strong. Furthermore, the retrofit besides mentioned about lighting, temperature and sound. So, it can be clearly said that there is non possible for imputing the study in the betterment of productiveness from the peculiar alteration, merely retrofit in general. About the same, the 2nd illustration cited by ( Browning W 1995 ) is about the Nederlandshe Middenstandbank. It involved a batch of alteration to the new building- one of it could non be claimed as unique between green edifices, whether the S-curve land program which have gardens, courtyards, eating houses and meeting suites. Along with that it is besides non possible to impute the study that stated 15 % decrease in absenteeism of green characteristics in the new edifice where the characteristics include are twenty-four hours lighting, and natural airing through operable Windowss. The 3rd illustration by ( Browning W 1995 ) was a Walmart Store which had installed fanlights at about the scope of one half of the shop. It was reported that the gross revenues ( per square pes ) was higher than other section which situated in day-lit half. However, the consequences can be given other grounds on why this state of affairs go on between the two groups of section. ( J 2000 ) had done a reviewed literature on the subject of green edifices and the resident ‘s productiveness. One of the survey that he cited is research from ( Browning W 1995 ) . Another one is from ( A 1999 ) where he concluded that comfort and productiveness that can be seen is higher in a edifice where residents have control over ambient status and where the edifice provide both natural and air conditioning. All of this research really have the same decision. ( Menzies D 1997 ) concluded that the productiveness was increased by 11 % ( if comparison with controlled groups ) for the workers that have been given full control over the entire and way of the air flow in their work infinite. ( Brager GS 1998 ) reported that there is a relationship between personal control in environmental conditions, particularly temperature and airing, and work public presentation. However, ( Brager GS 1998 ) besides noted about the research from ( Preller L 1990 ) which shows absenteeism that were related with Sick Building Syndrome ( SBS ) should be 34 % lower if the employees were giving full control over the temperature and airing. This state of affairs had produce a nexus between green edifice and productiveness which become the go-between for air quality and SBS beside comfort. From this, guided by the relationship between green edifice and IEQ ( for illustration comfort ) , it can be said that the existing cogent evidence is really weak and if there is a nexus, it is said that it was attributed to personal control on the ambient conditions. This sort of affair should be given an attending to look into whether or non soothe relates to satisfaction. In a reappraisal of environmental psychological science, ( Sundstrom E 1996 ) had underline twosome of theories which guided the research on dealing between human and physical environment subjects including the workplace. In these theories are arousal, environmental burden, emphasis and version, privateness ordinance, transactional attack, and ecological psychological science and behaviour puting theories. Hypothesis for rousing is to foretell the optimal satisfaction and public presentation while under the status of moderate rousing. This had given an sentiment on how temperature, sound and lighting can act upon the satisfaction degree and public presentation through psychosocial rousing. On overload hypothesis, people is considered holding a limited capacity to treat stimulations and information and predicted that we confront them with an overload, for illustration noise overload, where we choose in advancement for incoming information and disregarding the low-priority inputs. The research in environmental emphasis and version had recognized the relationships between temperature and sound with physiological and psychological emphasis ( for illustration chronic unwellness, and psychological impairement ) and confronting adaptative behaviours to cut down the effects/ emphasis. ( Sundstrom E 1996 ) stated empirical find in general is consistent with this hypothesis. ( Vilnai-Yavetz I 2005 ) proposed that office interior decorators should denounce the three separate rule which is the instrumentality, aesthetics and symbolism. Instrumentality is about the phase where physical property of an office supported their needful activities. Aestheticss refer to the beauty of the office. The survey besides province about the research that discover ‘beautiful ‘ suites ( as opposed to ‘ugly ‘ suites ) have a important difference on consequence to the perceptual experiences and emotions non numbering for short/long term. The 3rd rule is symbolism, which refer to the relationships that created by a infinite. the author found difference statistically between these two rules, that is instrumentality and aesthetics and occupation satisfaction and public presentation. Large part of all of the undertakings that residents in offices been through demands mental labor comparison to physical labor, where it relates with the office environment that should be more related to comfort. Furthermore, decline of interior environment will cut down the degree of capacity of the residents, where it will do the reduction of productiveness and increasing the emphasis degree. So, maintaining a better office is really important. ( Brasche S 2001 ) . As the sum-up, beside of all these groundss are still blur, there are a few of character that can be categorized as alone, or at least more common towards green constructing that have been linked to the quality of the indoor environment. Besides that, there are groundss which can associate comfort with characteristics that grant personal control towards temperature and airing. Furthermore, there are cogent evidence on how comfort is associating to workplace satisfaction. The purpose of this survey is to prove a statement, ( 1 ) green constructing create more comfy infinite ( 2 ) better comfort will steer to a higher overall satisfaction. This statement will be trial with methods of understanding the IEQ i a green edifice and how it act upon the comfort and satisfaction perceptual experience of the residents. Green edifice in this research is a edifice that situated in the locality of a metropolis in Malaysia, where Malaysia is celebrated for typical tropical clime. The variable of th e clime in Malaysia is non based on the temperature or air force per unit area but rainfall. In general, the clime in Malaysia can be describe where its coastal field temperature averaging 28 °C. With this type of clime, it will be a alone chance for this type of survey to see the mode of the IEQ of green edifices in Malaysia react to their resident ‘s degree of comfort. A, L. ( 1999 ) . UK survey links productiveness to airing systems. HPAC Magazine. 71. Brager GS, d. D. R. ( 1998 ) . â€Å" Thermal version in the reinforced environment: a literature reappraisal. † Energy and Buildings 27: 83-96. Brasche S, B. M. , Bronisch M, Bischof W ( 2001 ) . â€Å" Eye and tegument symptoms in German office workers. † Int J Hyg Environ Health 203: 311-316. Browning W, R. J. ( 1995 ) . Greening the bottom line: increasing productiveness through energy efficient design. In: Second international green edifices conference and expounding. Gaithersburg, MD, National Institute of Standards and Technology. Daghigh R, A. N. , Sahari BB ( 2009 ) . â€Å" Ventilation parametric quantities and thermic comfort of of course and automatically ventilated offices. † Indoor Built Environ 18 ( 2 ) : 113-122. Han MH, J. M. , Oh YK ( 2010 ) . â€Å" Residential and acoustic environments perceived by occupants of regional metropoliss in Korea: a instance survey of Mokpo metropolis. † Indoor Built Environ 19 ( 1 ) : 102-113. J, H. ( 2000 ) . â€Å" Green edifices, organisational success and occupant productiveness. † Building Research A ; Information 28 ( 5/6 ) : 353–367. Lee YS, G. D. ( 2010 ) . â€Å" Indoor environmental quality differences between office types in LEED-certified edifices in the US. † Building Environ 45 ( 5 ) : 1104-1112. Lim HS, K. G. ( 2010 ) . â€Å" Predicted public presentation of shadowing devices for healthy ocular environment. † Indoor Built Environ 19 ( 4 ) : 486-496. Menzies D, P. J. , Nunes F, Leduc J, Chan C-H ( 1997 ) . â€Å" Effect of new airing system on wellness and wellbeing of office workers. † Archives of Environmental wellness 52 ( 5 ) : 360-368. Plass N, K. I. ( 2007 ) . â€Å" Strategic and practical deductions in determination devising and planning for sustainability. † Indoor Built Environ 18 ( 3 ) : 204-215. PR, B. ( 2010 ) . â€Å" The impact of visible radiation in edifices on human wellness. † Indoor Built Environ 19 ( 1 ) : 8-20. Preller L, Z. T. , Brunekreef B, Bolej JSM ( 1990 ) . Sick leave due to work related wellness ailments among office workers in the Netherlands. Indoor Air ’90, Toronto. Sundstrom E, B. P. , Busby PL, Asmus C ( 1996 ) . â€Å" Environmental psychological science 1989–1994. † Annual Reviews in Psychology 47: 485-512. Vilnai-Yavetz I, R. A. , Yaacov CS ( 2005 ) . â€Å" Instrumentality, aesthetics, and symbolism of office design. † Environment and Behaviour 37 ( 4 ) : 533-551. Yu CWF, K. J. ( 2010 ) . â€Å" Building pathology, probe of ill buildings– VOC emanations. † Indoor Built Environ 19 ( 1 ) : 30-39. How to cite The Effect of Indoor Environmental Quality of a Green Building, Essay examples

Marriott International Hotel Groups and environment

Introduction As the world continues to modernize, the environment suffers. Trees are cut down to give way for the latest commercial and/ or residential areas. The results of deforestation have been deadly over the last decades were floods and landslides brought about disasters in the homes of thousands of families. Campaigns that promote the restoration and preservation of the environment have risen over the years.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Marriott International Hotel Group’s and environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Different organizations have supported such through their corporate social responsibility programs but there are some that go a step further. This paper will examine Marriott International Hotel Group’s efforts in sustaining the environment. The individual operation of a hotel will be the focus of this paper because by studying the activities of Marriott in their camp aign to go green the hotel chain’s strategies implemented can be a learning lesson for someone who is in the hospitality and tourism industry. Marriott International has won several awards in terms of their environmental sustainability programs over the past decades. The JW Marriott in Indianapolis has been awarded the Emerging Green Award which was presented by the Professional Convention Management Association (PCMA) last November 9, 2011 at the Washington Hilton Hotel (JW Marriott Indianapolis Wins Green Award, 2011). â€Å"To be considered for the award, the hotel had to document all steps taken to lessen its environmental impact such as buying and using environmentally friendly products, having ongoing training in environmental policies and practices and encouraging the use of low-impact transportation for guests and employees† (JW Marriott Indianapolis Wins Green Award, 2011). Challenges There are a few challenges in environmental sustainability programs especial ly in the hospitality and tourism industry. In order to build hotels, trees are cut down as they are being used to build facilities. Sometimes deforestation occurs to give way for hotels and country clubs to be built on. It is a challenge for hotel engineers and architects to lessen the cutting down of trees in building facilities. Another challenge in the hotel industry with regards to environmental sustainability campaigns is the monitoring of power, gas and water usages. The hotel management can discipline and monitor the consumption of electricity, gas and water of hotel staff but it is very difficult for them to monitor the usages of hotel guests.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The management can only put notes in hotel rooms to inform guests of conserving resources but they cannot impose such on the latter thus it is difficult to monitor the consumption of natura l resources. Lastly, the challenge of reusing and recycling materials to prevent environmental harm and wastage has been a constant obstacle for any company in any given industry. In the hospitality sector, it is a challenge to reuse and recycle materials because guests and customers may complain about unsanitary practices which may harm the branding of the hotel but it is essential to note that as long as procedures are followed through management can push through with their environmental campaigns. Opportunities Opportunities for growth are endless especially in terms of environmental sustainability in the hospitality industry. For Marriott international, opportunities can be seen in the constant development and expansion of the company’s corporate social responsibility sector. Over the years the company has hosted programs such as their rainforest preservation program and the green buildings program (Sustainability Report, 2009). Marriott has set out goals to further impro ve its participation in preserving the environment. These goals include the reduction of energy and water consumption by 25% per room by 2012, expansion of the green hotel development in 5 years time, conversion of Marriott’s $10 billion supply chain to green, educate and inspire not only associates but also guests to support environmental programs and address environmental obstacles through innovative conservation initiatives like the rainforest protection and water conservation (Sustainability Report, 2009). Trends Jonas Lang LaSalle predicted that by 2012 there would be 4 environmental sustainability trends that would persist. These trends would shape the sustainable development movement are transparency, global consistency, public/ private collaboration and focus on solar energy (Four Sustainability Trends to Watch in 2012, 2012). Transparency includes measurement and disclosure of information relating to sustainability such as energy consumption and carbon emission.Adver tising We will write a custom case study sample on Marriott International Hotel Group’s and environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More â€Å"In 2011, more than 3,000 companies, including 404 Global 500 firms, voluntarily reported their carbon emissions, water management and climate change policies to Carbon Disclosure Project in 2011, perhaps swayed by CDP’s 551 investor members, who use the information in deciding where to place more than $71 trillion in investment capital† (Four Sustainability Trends to Watch in 2012, 2012). Global consistency includes the development and standardization of a framework in understanding the effectiveness of environmental sustainability strategies adopted and implemented by different firms globally. â€Å"Consistent measurement is important to corporations as they focus on sustainability not only in their own operations but, increasingly, throughout their supply chain as w ell† (Four Sustainability Trends to Watch in 2012, 2012). The collaboration of the public and private sector is an expected trend in 2012 and for future years to come. In the past year, 2011, we have seen both government and business organizations collaborate in sharing and realizing their green goals. It is in theses collaborative initiatives that obstacles to sustainability are best overcame for both agencies possess their own strengths which may be beneficial in the collaboration. Lastly focus on solar energy will be the last perceived trend in 2012. Jones Lang LaSalle predicts that by 2012 solar powered devices will take over the market. These devices will affect supply and demand economics paving way to technological advancements and organizations will take advantage of this innovation by creating incentives. Global Perspective: Hospitality Industry Going Green In 1996, the World Travel and Tourism Council together with the World Tourism Organization and the Earth Council developed the global environmental certification program for the hospitality and tourism industry. This program identifies environmental sustainability issues that threaten the economy as well as the ecological balance of the community. It presents recommendations and strategies on how to transition to more sustainable development practices. Environmental friendly practices are encouraged by hotel companies. They are â€Å"embracing sustainability practices through all their developmental and operational strategies†.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is a trend in the hotel industry to go environmentally friendly thus initiatives such as educational programs, reforestation programs, eco-resorts, energy efficient practices and developmental projects that build infrastructures that comply with environmental friendly standards enable the hotel industry to adopt practices that are related to sustainability more conveniently. â€Å"Over the last decade, the movement towards ecologically sound tourism has swept across the globe; and the practices being implemented are as diverse as the different geographies. Hotel companies are being prompted by rising energy costs, government pressure, consumer expectations and the competitive landscape to increasingly make sustainability a top priority† (Hospitality Going Green, 2009). Ten Eco-Friendly Hospitality Companies Below is a list of the top 10 eco-friendly hospitality companies with their corresponding platforms with regards to eco-friendly practices and environmental conservatio n and sustainability programs (Environmental Mission Statements: A List of Hotel Sustainability Policies, 2010). Kimpton Hotels Restaurant Group – The company has an environmental program called Eathcare where every hotel and restaurant adopts environmental friendly products at the same time they religiously practice recycling among its chains. – Corporate Philanthropy. Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company – The company has created the Ritz-Carlton Environmental Action Conservation Teams (REACT) to deliver its objective in conserving the environment. The team is responsible for implementing eco-friendly practices to minimize environmental imprint of the hotel chain. REACT primarily works on projects aimed to restore native plants, protect endangered species and clean beaches and roadsides. – Corporate Philanthropy. Intercontinental Hotel Group – They created a program called Green Engaged where their objective is to reduce energy, water and waste, cutting carbon emissions, and raising guest and staff awareness of sustainable issues. They have partnered with National Geographic in educating people on environmental issues. –Corporate Philanthropy. Fairmount Hotels and Resorts – Created the Green Partnership Program which minimizes â€Å"property operational impacts on the environment through resource conservation and best practices†. – Corporate Philanthropy. Marriott International, Inc. – The hotel chain’s environmental goals are to decrease water and energy consumption by 25% per room by 2017, create green construction standards for hotel developers, educate partners, staff and guests about environmental issues and invest in conservation initiates such as the rainforest protection and water conservation. Corporate Philanthropy. Omni Hotels and Resorts – The company is heavily practicing recycling, conserves energy by promoting hybrid and other energy efficient technologies, utilize eco -friendly products, reduce carbon footprints, create green roofs and plant more trees and water supplies. Corporate Philanthropy. Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide, Inc. – The company has created an environmental sustainability policy aimed at conserving natural resources, minimizing waste and pollution, enhancing indoor environmental quality, establishing and reporting on key environmental performance indicators and educating associates, guests and communities on environmental issues. Corporate Philanthropy. Wyndham Worldwide Corporation – They created a program called Wyndham Green where they aim to develop environmental programs, products and services, set and measure environmental impact targets, and comply with climate policies and environmental laws. Corporate Philanthropy. McDonald’s – The fast food chain aims to help the environment improving waste management and sustainable packaging, conserving energy and having green restaurant designs. â⠂¬â€œ Corporate Philanthropy. Lifetime Gym – The gym’s sustainability initiatives involve sustainable carpeting, designing a green building, energy and water conservation, recycling and promoting the use of environmental friendly products and services. – Corporate Philanthropy. Marriott Environmental Campaign Marriott Hotels International has been one of most active hotel organizations in terms of the preservation of the environment. The company pays attention to the quality and services its managements provides. It pays much attention to sourcing locally grown products and encourages its associates, staff and guests to minimize their impact on the environment by conserving energy, gas and water. Marriott Hotels International promotes among its staff and guests the proper way of disposing garbage, conserving energy and traveling and/ or working in the most environmental friendly way an individual can. Among Marriott’s eco-friendly programs include  "Marriott’s linen and towel reuse program which aims to conserve water and energy and minimize the release of detergent chemicals to the environment. The environment is an everyday consideration at Marriott, say staff, returning a positive green score of 81% on this point in our employee survey. They say the green credentials of the organization influenced their decision to work here (50%, and a top 15 ranking) and acknowledge that it is younger colleagues who are driving environmental change (62%, with just seven firms scoring better). Marriott’s eco-friendly practices include providing eco pillows, recyclable key cards and coreless toilet rolls, and producing up to 20% of its own electricity† (Best Green Companies, 2011). In March 2010, another Marriott branch in Portsmouth launched its latest recycling scheme where the hotel aims to recycle 98% of wastes produced (Portsmouth: Marriott recycles 98% of waste, 2010). The hotel has collaborated with local recyclin g experts such as ACM Waste Management plc and PDM Group to make such program a success. In this recycling scheme all the hotel’s waste food products will be recycled. This program is first implemented in Portsmouth but will soon be adopted by other hotel branches. Aside from this new recycling program, Marriott has implemented other processes in recycling. This included the placing of recycling bins in guest rooms and meeting rooms. All hotel staffs are trained to separate biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes ((Portsmouth: Marriott recycles 98% of waste, 2010). Marriott’s Environmentally Conscious Hospitality Operations program is the hotel chain’s sustainability plan where it focuses on the conservation of water and energy, activities concerning clean air, recycling, wildlife preservation and cleaning up neighborhoods. â€Å"Through this program, it replaced 450,000 incandescent light bulbs with fluorescent lighting, introduced linen re-use systems, and installed 400,000 low-flow showerheads and toilets at its hotels worldwide. Marriott has also reduced water usage by more than 15% over the last five years through the said program† (Marriott International Inc, USA and Global Tourism Business Award Winner, 2009). Marriott Hotel International commits to ensure that business activities and practices of the company will be properly managed so as to have minimal impact on the environment. The company guarantees that the operations of the hotel chain will comply with all statutory regulations concerning the environment. Marriott’s environmental action plan for 2010 includes the increase of recycling practices to reduce wastages, the improvement of energy management systems and awareness to reduce the consumption of power and gas, the installation of flow reducing devices to reduce water consumption, the investment of compact fluorescent lamps and replacement of existing Dichronic Halogen lamps to reduce energy consumption a nd the establishment of a green team to help implement energy saving initiatives (http://www.marriott.com/hotelwebsites/us/l/lgwgs/lgwgs_pdf/Environmental%20Policy-2010.pdf). In its use of technology Marriott was named â€Å"Top 12 Green IT Companies by the Computer World magazine in 2009 (Marriott Wins Big Reward by Going Hi-Tech and Low Energy, 2009). â€Å"Marriott developed an underground data center to take advantage of a naturally cool environment to reduce power consumption in the IT arena. The company also uses server virtualization and desktop power management policies. Additionally, so far Marriott has recycled more than 28,761 IT assets, diverting 629,408 pounds of waste from landfills, according to the release† (Marriott Hotel Industry Continue Green Push, 2009). Marriott has also stopped its automatic newspaper drop program to guests’ bedroom but instead the management asks guests which newspaper they wish to read during their stay. The hotel chain also o ffers its guests the option to support their green stay program where an additional $1 a day will be billed to hotel guests (Marriott Hotel Industry Continue Green Push, 2009). The hotel chain also expressed its plans to expand their green hotels program by 1000% in November 2009. This program includes the revamping of Marriott’s hotels to environmental friendly designs (Marriott Plans to Expand Green Hotels by 1000%, 2009). Marriott Hotel International also adopted a smoke-free hotel policy where it provides its guests a smoke free environment. â€Å"The smoke-free hotel policy has received praise from guests, and Marriott remains committed to achieving a smoke-free environment in all of its properties in the U.S. and Canada. The continuing efforts of these properties to comply with the smoke-free policy reinforce Marriott’s commitment to being an environmentally friendly company† (The Marriott Smoke-free Hotel Policy, 2012). Marriott Hotel International has be en actively involved in the preservation of the environment. The hotel chain has trained its associates and staff of eco-friendly practices to adopt in proving services to clients and guests. Staffs are trained to conserve energy, gas and water. They are also educated in separating wastages from biodegradable to non-biodegradable. Hotel staffs are well aware of practices which may benefit the environment thus the success of Marriott not only lies with their environmentally aware manpower but also in their constant innovative programs and strategies to minimize the hotel chain’s impact on the environment. The corporate social responsibility team of Marriott International Hotel has been actively participating in the conservation of the ecosystem. Marriott has been developing programs such as the reusing of linens and towels by guests to conserve electricity from washing them as well as water. This program also minimizes the use of detergents to flush out in the environment. Asi de from training and educating its staffs and associates, Marriott also holds programs where it helps in reviving rainforests especially in Brazil. The company has contributed so much in terms of saving the environment. It has also started renovating existing hotels with a new environmentally friendly â€Å"green† design. Conclusion Environmental sustainability is very important especially in the hospitality and tourism industry because we are marketing sceneries for guests to relax. With the destruction of the environment, traveling will be a hassle especially with the constant change of weathers. Hotels in the tropics especially those located near beaches would always suffer from tsunamis. On the other hand hotels located in areas where forests have been victimized by illegal logging and deforestation would constantly suffer from flash floods and landslides. It is important to sustain our environment to preserve the eco-system. As someone who is part of the hotel and touris m business, I have observed that the weather and climate as well as the environment play important roles in marketing and packaging hotels and vacations. Clients want to visit places that are beautiful. Most people whether they are staying in a hotel for vacation or for business prefer the ambiance of nature. Whether they are surrounded by trees or the ocean, it is a big and major factor where hotels are located. It is important to preserve the environment for it affects all industries. In the hospitality and tourism industry the environment plays a big role in the planning and decision making of customers and guests. It is important that each company must be aware of environmental issues and address them through simple deeds such as the conservation of power, water and gas. Employees must be trained to conserve resources and practice proper waste disposal. It is also important that companies constantly improve corporate social responsibility programs to further adapt to changes in the environment and address issues through CSR programs. Marriott International Hotel is a great example of a hotel chain with a solid environmental sustainability program. Reference List Best Green Companies. (2011). Retrieved from http://bestgreencompanies.thesundaytimes.co.uk/5/profile/307/Marriott-Hotels-International/ Environmental Mission Statements: A List of Hotel Sustainability Policies. (2010). Retrieved from http://www.environmentalleader.com/2010/03/18/environmental-mission-statements-a-list-of-hotel-sustainability-policies/ Four Sustainability Trends to Watch in 2012. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.htrends.com/trends-detail-sid-60391-t-Four_Sustainability_Trends_to_Watch_in_____.html Hospitality Going Green. (2009). Retrieve from http://www.irei.com/uploads/marketresearch/128/marketResearchFile/hospitality_insights_DF0052.pdf JW Marriott Indianapolis Wins Green Award. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/jw-marriott-indianapolis-wins-green-a ward-135446153.html Marriott Hotel Industry Continue Green Push. (2009). Retrieved from http://www.environmentalleader.com/2009/04/27/marriott-hotel-industry-continue-green-push/ Marriott International Inc, USA and Global Tourism Business Award Winner. (2009). Retrieved from http://www.besteducationnetwork.org/case_studies/pdf/Marriott%20International%20Inc%20USA.pdf Marriott Plans to Expand Green Hotels by 1000%. (2009). Retrieved from http://www.environmentalleader.com/2009/11/11/marriott-plans-to-expand-green-hotels-by-1000/ Marriott Wins Big Reward by Going Hi-Tech and Low Energy. (2009). Retrieved from http://www.hoteltechresource.com/article38330.html Portsmouth: Marriott recycles 98% of waste. (2010) Retrieved from http://www.businessmag.co.uk/News/Hospitality/Portsmouth–Marriott-recycles-98–of-waste.aspx Sustainability Report. (2009). Retrieved from http://www.marriott.com/Images/Text%20Images/US/MarriottSocialResponsibilityandCommunityEngagement.pdf The Marrio tt Smoke-free Hotel Policy. (2012). 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