The Status of Women in Islam Essay Example

The Status of Women in Islam Essay The interpretation of original Islamic texts paints a far liberal and feminist picture than what is made of it in the centuries to follow. What we see in today’s Islamic world is a lot of injustice to women. Women are oppressed under the false pretense of upholding Islamic virtue. The present system â€Å"keeps people locked in roles that stunt their growth and unjustly penalizes women who would exercise their rights†. Indeed, if true Islam were to be implemented many injustices against women could be prevented – rapists won’t go free, victims won’t be jailed, women would be educated and fundamentalist thugs like the Taliban would not have thrived. Some primitive traditional practices that we see in Islamic societies today is more a cultural norm than a religious one. A few extreme examples are female genital mutilation and forced marriages. More mundane practices include the prohibition of women from driving cars, etc. These rules cannot be traced to Islamic literature. The edicts in Koran are equally applicable to both men and women. According to Islam, on the moral scale, both men and women are deemed equal. Islam does not discriminate between the status of men or women. The dynamic of a marital relationship requires that man has authority in certain matters. It is incorrect to assume that this implies a lower status for women. It says, â€Å"Man and Woman were created of a single soul and are moral equals in the sight of God. The rights and responsibilities of a woman are equal to those of a man but they are not necessarily identical with them. Equality and sameness are two quite different things. This difference is understandable because man and woman are not identical but they are created equals. This is especially true as it is almost impossible to find even two identical men or women.† (Jafar) We will write a custom essay sample on The Status of Women in Islam specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Status of Women in Islam specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Status of Women in Islam specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer According to the Koran, men and women are units of a pair. When both are taken independent of each other, there are certain obvious vacuums in the emotional, physical and psychological personalities of each. The Koran further goes on to say that God has created the two in such a way that they are complementary to each other in different ways, so that these vacuums are generally removed to a great extent. For this very purpose, God gave different mental, physical and emotional qualities to the male and the female of the species. These different mental, physical and psychological qualities, on the one hand complement man and woman, and on the other establishes for them different facets of activity in their personal and intimate relationships. Though women are regarded equal to men, it is important to note that they are not the same. This difference in their dispositions is an essential and desirable aspect of society. Keeping in mind this distinction, their rights are also different. Thus taking Koran by its word, women are not inferior to men. Women are given equal, but not identical rights, in recognition of their unique personality. The Koran provides clear-cut evidence that woman is completely equated with man in the sight of God in terms of her rights and responsibilities. However, considering the differences in physiology the woman is exempted from the daily prayers and from fasting during her menstrual periods and forty days after childbirth. She is also exempted from fasting during her pregnancy and when she is nursing her baby if there is any threat to either’s health. The right to choose one’s husband is another measure of empowerment. The importance of a woman’s consent to marry a particular man is stated in no unclear terms. However, the prevailing practices in some Islamic countries like Pakistan and Bangladesh is incongruent with this edict. The concept of dowry is much misunderstood. It is not the price to buy a bride, but rather, a gift of love by the groom. This is a practice of prudence as it provides her with financial security for unforeseen developments. Koran’s endorsement of polygamy is another misused custom. At the time the Koran was revealed, most Arabic nations were involved in warfare, which resulted in a number of widows with children.. Taking this into account, a man was allowed to take as many as four wives, not to gratify him but to share the societal responsibility. The precondition for such additional marriages is the man’s ability to cater and support his wives. As a matter of fact, the widows were not sexy young women, â€Å"but usually mothers of up to six children, who came as part of the deal†. It is a good sign that polygamy is not so common today. The Islamic law pertaining to divorce takes due consideration of women’s needs and treats her fairly. Also, in any marital dispute all options for reconciliation are tried before the decision to grant divorce is arrived. Muslim women’s dressing is portrayed in the western media as anachronistic and oppressive. There is some rationale behind these dress codes. The emphasis is on modesty and prevention of unwanted sexual advances. It is perfectly alright to wear attractive and graceful dresses, while avoiding being provocative. Given the context of our times, when sexual abuse of women is in ascendancy, the Islamic dress code helps maintain moral integrity. However, taken to the extreme, the veiling can have a repressive effect. Islamic Law is just and fair with respect to a woman’s property rights. In addition, Islam restored to woman the right of inheritance, after she herself was an object of inheritance in some cultures. Her share is wholly hers and none can make any claim on it, including her brother, husband and father. Irrespective of whether she is single or married, she can â€Å"buy, sell, mortgage or lease any or all her properties†. Women’s employment is not encouraged, for it is regarded that her primary role in society is as a mother and care giver. It is reasoned that this noble responsibility helps shape mentally and physically sound children. The scriptures grant women appropriate rights of inheriting wealth based on the context. â€Å"Whether she is a wife or mother, a sister or daughter, she receives a certain share of the deceased kin’s property, a share which depends on her degree of relationship to the deceased and the number of heirs. This share is hers, and no one can take it away or disinherit her. In the case of inheritance, the question of quality and sameness is fully applicable.† (Jafar) Also, a woman has no financial responsibilities whatsoever except for her personal expense, the high luxurious things that she likes to have. She is financially secure and provided for. If she is a wife, her husband is the provider; if she is a mother, it is the son; if she is a daughter, it is the father; if she is a sister; it is the brother, and so on. If she has no relatives on whom she can depend, then the question of inheritance does not arise because there is nothing to inherit and there is no one to bequeath anything to her. However, she will not be left to starve, maintenance of such a woman is the collective responsibility of the society. She may be given financial aid or a job to earn her living, and whatever money she makes will all be hers The proportion of inheritance between men and women though may vary. This is in recognition of the additional financial responsibilities that lay on a man’s shoulder and not a statement of supremacy of one over the other. An inquiry into the history of Islamic scripture will present clear evidence for women’s political rights. Women were allowed to be nominated to political offices. However, their participation in public affairs today is highly disproportionate. The Koran expresses some reservations about women’s leadership abilities as they are emotional by nature. This is not to slight women, but to acknowledge their psychological makeup. â€Å"She is entitled to freedom of expression as much as man is. Her sound opinions are taken into consideration and cannot be disregarded just because she happen to belong to the female sex. It is reported in the Koran and history that woman not only expressed her opinion freely but also argued and participated in serious discussions with the Prophet himself as well as with other Muslim leaders.† (Wollaston) Historical documents prove this elevated life-style of women during the early days of Islamic tradition. Women nursed wounded soldiers, prepared supplies and provided vital support during times of war. Such public participation was much appreciated and welcomed. For bearing witnesses in civil disputes and agreements, two women are treated as equal to a man. This is so because women are generally not experienced with affairs of commerce and is likely to make errors of judgement. In this case, two women are better to only one. How far this holds true in the contemporary world is another debate. Nevertheless, this law is a precautionary measure and not an instrument of derogation to women. Another way of looking at this law is that, it gives women a great opportunity to participate in public affairs. The two primary scriptures of Islam, the Koran and the Hadeeth, guarantee women the rights they deserve. Contrary to prevailing beliefs, women are given special privileges to attend Mosques at night. That women are required to stand behind men in mosques is not because they are discriminated against. The prayers offered in such places involve assuming various bodily postures. It is conceivable that some of the routines will disturb a woman’s clothing and expose her skin. Such distractions are least wanted in a place of worship. So the practice was introduced as a means to aid concentration on God. The holy books of Islam emphasize the importance of education to all muslims, irrespective of their sex. â€Å"She is equal to man in the pursuit of education and knowledge. When Islam enjoins the seeking of knowledge upon Muslims, it makes no distinction between man and woman. Almost fourteen centuries ago, Muhammad declared that the pursuit of knowledge is incumbent on every Muslim male and female. This declaration was very clear and was implemented by Muslims throughout its early history. It is a sad fact that much transgression is manifest today.† (Gruver) There is no decree in Islam which prohibits woman from seeking appropriate employment whenever there is a necessity for it, especially in positions which fit her nature and in which society needs her most. Examples of such professions are nursing, and teaching, especially for children. Moreover, there is no restriction on benefiting from woman’s extraordinary talent in any walk of life. Early muslim scholars even held that there is nothing wrong in appointing a woman to the position of a judge, though there may be a inclination to doubt the woman’s fitness for the post due to her more emotional nature. Thus it is clear that the status of woman in Islam is quite high and realistically suitable to her nature. Her rights and duties are comparable to those of man but not necessarily or absolutely the same with them. If she is deprived of one thing in some aspect, she is fully compensated for it with more things in many other aspects. The fact that she belongs to the female sex has no bearing on her human status or independent personality, and it is no ground for justification of prejudice against her or injustice to her person. Islam gives her as much as is required of her. Her rights match beautifully with her duties. The rights are balanced by her duties and no side overweighs the other. Works Cited: Gruver, Kathleen E.; Jones, Trevelyn E.; Toth, Luann; Charnizon, Marlene; Grabarek, Daryl; Raben, Dale. Women in Islam. School Library Journal, Jun2005, Vol. 51 Issue 6, p187-187. Jafar, Afshan. Women, Islam, and the State in Pakistan, Gender Issues, Winter2005, Vol. 22 Issue 1, p35-55. Quoc-Benjamin, Nguyen Tang Le Huy. Women, Democracy and Islam, UN Chronicle, Dec2004-Feb2005, Vol. 41 Issue 1, p38-39. Wollaston, Isabel. Women in Islam. Reviews in Religion Theology, Sep2000, Vol. 7 Issue 4, p438. Sirriyeh, Elizabeth. The Rights of Women in Islam, Journal of Beliefs Values: Studies in Religion Education, Oct99, Vol. 20 Issue 2, p261. The interpretation of original Islamic texts paints a far liberal and feminist picture than what is made of it in the centuries to follow. What we see in today’s Islamic world is a lot of injustice to women. Women are oppressed under the false pretense of upholding Islamic virtue. The present system â€Å"keeps people locked in roles that stunt their growth and unjustly penalizes women who would exercise their rights†. Indeed, if true Islam were to be implemented many injustices against women could be prevented – rapists won’t go free, victims .

Success and wealth Essays - The Great Gatsby, English-language Films

Success and wealth Essays - The Great Gatsby, English-language Films Success and wealth 1st period English 1/7/13 Mrs. Whelm Success and wealth can always lead to an American dream for example, working hard setting yourself some goals that would lead you to something big in your life, something that you would have to struggle and face hard times to reach that dream that you always wanted. Wealth will come in handy as you work hard and fight for what you want as you push yourself to reach that goal like how Gatsby did for example, he was a brave man that went through difficult times. He was also poor but work hard and became a very wealthy person. Doesnt matter if your rich and An American dream can be anything like how Gatsby was in love with daisy for example, Gatsby dream was to have daisy by him side. He look at her as a beautiful person. Daisy meant a lot to Gatsby for example, at the end of the chapters Gatsby hid the car that daisy hit when she hit Myrtle with it and Gatsby didnt say a word to anybody. This approve that Gatsby show his love for daisy that if its a good or a bad thing he going to be there for her. All what Gatsby wants is daisy he wants to be with her and be happy like how it shows in the book when they first see each other and how they react. After all those years that they been separate. Love can be a dream too for those who want it in there lives. A dream can be anything big or small doesnt Wealthy is what everybody works for and maybe imagen about it or maybe money is what people have in mind dont think about something else besides money but dont have goals and dont work for it but they just get what they want for example, Daisy may or may not have an American dream but she a person that likes riches and maybe have money on her mind. We all want to be wealthy and buy expensive things. Things that we never had in our lives. That why we got to work for it and be successful in life willing to move forward taking a few steps to that The great Gatsby is like the American dream where a poor person becomes wealthy and falls in love which that symbolize to him for example, in the book of The Great Gatsby Gatsby father said he knew he had a big future in front of him..(pg.181). this meant for Gatsby how he struggle with his life being poor but he work hard and knew that he was going to have a bright future. The American dream can also have a symbol not just a dream but a meaning of a symbol for example; daisy is the symbol because Tom and Gatsby wore fighting over her love of who she loved and who she didnt. The American dream is full of meanings, achievement, and other Great things come to those who wait patiently for example; Gatsby started off by have nothing by having a little bit of things of what he had being poor. He struggle like when he went to war but later he became wealthy men because of his hard working person that he was. When you do the right choices in your life and you have a bright future in front of you great things will come to you but that takes courage and strength to get to that spot that you want to be. You got to believe in yourself that you will have that dream in your hands and great things will come.

World View Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

World View - Essay Example Likewise, we see things to associate figures with their definitions in our minds. One can not actually know what sun is unless one sees it. We get to know only the much we see. When we know more than what we have seen, the knowledge essentially comes from others that have seen more than us. Humans use the senses they are naturally blessed with to know the world. In addition to this, religious knowledge comes from Holy books. What is really real, or the ultimate reality? In spiritual terms, really real is some thing that would never change and would never end, like the world hereafter. Life after death would never come to an end. It will continue forever. Therefore, that world would be really real. In fact, it is more rational to call that world the ultimate real. In worldly terms, really real is some thing that never changes. For example, a mother’s love for her baby is really real and remains as such throughout the life of their relationship. It is so real that one can not ex pect a mother to be unloving towards her children. Motherhood shows its reality not only in humans, but in every species of living creatures. Birds are possessive about their babies.

To Assess or Not to Assess, That is the Question Essay

To Assess or Not to Assess, That is the Question - Essay Example I am horrified by science fiction futuristic movies with a plot of enforced conformity and predictability. So when I researched the controversy about the use of personality tests to predict who should or should not be hired, who will or will not behave appropriately on the job, I found myself having some strong feelings. A careful reading of quite a few articles eventually helped me to sort out my particular stance on this matter, however. The controversy itself rests on the foundation argument as to whether human behavior can, or cannot, be predicted through personality tests. Psychologists, especially those in organizational behavior and human resources, want an easy way to predict who will or will not be likely to be successfully integrated into a company, be easily supervised, and perform their duties in a non-violent manner (Baglione, Arnold, & Zimmerer, 2009). It costs a lot of money to recruit, train and build skills in an employee, and mistakes are costly for the company. Com panies naturally want to avoid preventable waste of resources (Baglione, Arnold, & Zimmerer, 2009). On one side of this argument are those who vigorously argue that personality tests can indeed predict this with reasonable accuracy (Boutelle, 2011), especially when focused on Big-Five Model factors and understood clearly, and therefore they should definitely be used (Hogan, Hogan, & Roberts, 1996). They are ethical and legal, if specifically job-related (Griggs v. Duke Power Co., 1971), and they are thought to increase productivity. Within that side of the argument are those who favor normative tests and those who favor ipsative tests (Bartram, 1996). Among the 22% of companies using personality testing for personnel selction, there is also a faction (9.3%) which favor online tests, either normative or ipsative (Piotrowski & Terry Ar, 2006). On the other side are those who say that personality tests are not good indicators. The reasons given include the tendency of people to fake th eir answers or cheat by obtaining the answers from a central source; the fuzzy legality and ethics of sorting out people in ways that might reflect mental disorder or other impairment, ethnicity, sexual preference, and other discrimination-protected characteristics forbidden to be used in hiring choices (Morgeson, M.A, Dipboye, J.R, Murphey, & Schmitt, 2007); and various arguments about whether to use normative or ipsative tests. Ipsative tests are considered to be less reliable because you cannot reasonably use factor analysis on them without having artificial results, and the results apply only within a single person and not across a range of people, therefore invalidating them as being useful for determining whether they are a better or worse choice than another employment candidate (Paul, 2010). Furthermore, apparently up until 2010, the only real defense of ipsative testing came from a company with vested interest in selling ipsative tests for personnel selection, or came from people using that company’s data (Paul, 2010). However, this year a doctoral candidate in Spain, Dr. Anna Brown, won a â€Å"Best Doctoral Dissertation Prize† from the Psychometric Society for her breakthrough methodology that applies Item Response Theory Modeling to Ipsative test data, and thereby overcomes the psychometric limitations of this type of personality testing (The Psychometrics Society, 2011). Brown concludes that the limitations of ipsative data are overcome in that the

Reflaction paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflaction paper - Essay Example The thesis is persuasive and makes me inspired about the need to monitor multinational businesses. The new idea is that local irrespective of the social class has a voice that needs to be listened to when making critical decisions in the organization. I got sick by inhaling poisonous gasses that were being emitted by a certain manufacturing company. This experience makes me understand the article. Environmental policies have a direct impact on our lives. The main point is that the environments that people are living in have a direct impact on their health and their sustainable future. For instance people who are not educated and living in poor areas are likely to be affected by diseases. I think the thesis has expounded effectively on the need to live in a healthy environment and seek more education in order to live a sustainable life. The thesis is persuasive because it highlights the major aspects that affect the current population. The new idea to me in this article is that women’s education has an impact on the number of children they conceive. Having dealt with children from lower social class makes me understand the article better. Physical environment has a major impact on women lives. Women living in better environment have access to information, an aspect that makes them live a better and healthy life. I think the success of women in the society depends largely on their place of residence. The main point is persuasive and provides information on the current disparity among women in the society. This is not a new idea because women who are brought in well up families have access to basic education, health care, and exposure, an aspect that makes their future to be brighter. Having friends from higher and lower social class makes me understand the article better. The identity of a mother defines that of a child. The main point is that the character of the children is nurtured by their mothers. This thesis is not persuasive.

Barriers of Care for Young Parents

Barriers of Care for Young Parents Young Parents’ Perceptions of Barriers to Antenatal and Postnatal Care Eileen Bates, Scott Atwood Pregnancy in the young adult population is lacking education, and supportive services. Young parents are faced with difficulties in returning to employment, and education or training. â€Å"In addition, young parents face an increased risk of social exclusion and postnatal depression† (Berrington et al, 2005). There was no research questions stated in this article. Currently, there is a scarce amount of literature on support for pregnancy in young adults. Ley’s (1982) cognitive model of adherence has three aspects: satisfaction, compliance, and communication; all three of which were applied to this study. For protection of the participants’ rights, the ethical approval for the adolescent parents over the age of sixteen to be recruited was obtained by Kingston University, London, United Kingdom. For the research design in this study, mixed-methods were used. There was a questionnaire, and there were two focus groups. The sample and setting for this study was done with adolescent parents whom lived in London near a PCT. A PCT is similar to a Health Department. The adolescent parents in this study were defined as: a young person, or their partner whom conceived under the age of twenty-two. As an incentive, the participants were given supermarket vouchers. This study was done with predominantly white British young parents. Their ages ranged from 15-25 years old at the participants’ age of conception. For data collection, the questionnaire contained five sections, with both open and closed-ended questions. The sections were as followed: a self-esteem measure, participant characteristics, future plans, antenatal needs and support, and postnatal needs and support. The procedure for the questionnaire was to pass out 58 questionnaires to divide the group into parents with high self-esteem, and low self-esteem. The focus groups were designed to add detail, and information provided in the questionnaire. The procedure for the focus group was to divide the participants into two groups; antenatal and postnatal parents. Of the 58 participants used for the questionnaire, ten participants were chosen for the focus groups; three mothers and two fathers were in the antenatal group, and five mothers were in the postnatal group. The questionnaires’ findings concluded that there was a trend among self-esteem, and the adolescent parents’ reaction to society’s treatment of them. â€Å"’I feel that society tends to make you feel like everyone is better than me, and that I am a disgrace’ (mother, age 18)† (Smith and Roberts, 2009). 37 of 58 participants attended antenatal support classes. Attendance positively correlated with self-esteem. More parents with high self-esteem attended the antenatal support classes than parents with low self-esteem. When asked the reason for not attending postnatal support classes, the main reason given was they did not know such classes were available. The antenatal focus group’s findings concluded that, â€Å"All the young parents indicated that they would like to attend postnatal classes, but felt they were not given sufficient information about these classes to attend† (Smith and Roberts, 2009). The postnatal focus group’s findings concluded that relatives and friends were portrayed as the most helpful resource of postnatal support. All the young mothers perceived society to have a negative view of adolescent parents. â€Å"’They think you’re just a dirty little slag basically’ (mother, age 19)† (Smith and Roberts, 2009). The study yields results that expand discussion on several different areas that may influence desire or ability to seek treatment. The one quality presented by test subjects universally was the desire to be a good parent (Smith Roberts, 2009). Outside of this, influencing variables were labeled as self-esteem, age, and gender. The results of the study conclude that varying levels of self-esteem influence attendance. Low self-esteem may be acting as a barrier to attendance while those with higher self-esteem seemed to be more likely to attend. The unknown aspect of self-esteem is that the study is unable to conclude if the increased levels of self-esteem were present prior to attendance or if attendance of support groups increased self-esteem (Smith Roberts, 2009). Secondly, age was an obstacle to attendance. Younger parents seemed to have a difficult time when mingling with older parents. Due to differences in financial situations, younger parents were discouraged when drawing comparisons between themselves and older parents and experienced feelings of insignificance (Runciman, 1966). Younger parents also reported less-than satisfactory experiences with health care professionals. These unsatisfactory experiences are thought to be related to the health teams lack of training, knowledge, and communication skills related to young parents (Smith Roberts, 2009). Lastly, gender had an effect on young parents seeking care. The issue was mostly related to the necessity of different education for each gender. Societal norms dictated roles for the mother and father which led to the father being left out of education regarding infant care (Warin, 1999). Smith and Roberts believe there is a need to include revisions to current teachings to better include young fathers. The main revisions recommended to achieve improvement in the delivery of care for the population of this study is varying education and support systems. By extending time constraints to over 19, this would allow new young mothers more time to become mothers. Education delivery must also be changed, according to the study, so information can be better received by young parents. Lastly, the way information about programs that are already available is delivered to the target population must be changed due to the degree of isolation of the subjects (Smith and Roberts, 2009). While the study is not perfect, it does open the door for improvement. The system of delivery must be made more targeted and precise. If education can be changed for healthcare professionals and the young parents, it may improve the outcomes of providing treatment to this under-treated population (Smith and Roberts, 2009). References Berrington A, Hernandez IC, Ingham R, Stevenson J (2005) Antecedents and outcomes of young fatherhood: Longitudinal evidence from the 1970 British birth cohort study. Final Report University of Southampton,Southampton Ley P (1982) Satisfaction, compliance and communication. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 21: 241–54 Runciman WG (1966) Relative deprivation and social justice: A study of attitudes to social inequality in 20th Century England Routledge, London Smith, D., Roberts, R. (2009). Young parents perceptions of barriers to antenatal and postnatal care.British Journal Of Midwifery,17(10), 620. Warin J, Solomon Y, Lewis C, Langford W (1999) Fathers, work and family life Family Policy Studies Centre, London

Japan :: essays research papers

In 1868, Japan underwent radical changes in social aspects as well as economic matters. A ministry of education was soon created in 1872, and in the same year, a strict education code was formulated. The government greatly wanted to industrialize in order to prevent foreign rule. The government sent students to Europe and America in order to learn Western ways. In 1877 the first college, the University of Tokyo was created. Japan quickly became more Western like. Japan in order to increase its industry needed raw materials something in, which the mainland lacked. The only way to gain these was by buying from larger countries or conquering new territory, which had the needed raw materials. Japan wished to gain footholds in Korea, China, and Manchuria but at the time, Russia had already gained footholds in these areas. Japan’s greatly modern military easily defeated the Chinese army and navy over the matter of Korea in the Sino-Japanese war. (Encarta Japan)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1894, Nicholas the 2nd ascended to the throne of Russia. Although he was a good man he was a weak ruler easily dominated by others. With revolutionary trouble at home and the disagreement over Manchuria with Japan, turmoil soon broke out in Russia. Afterward, a compromise with Japan on the Manchuria issue was unsuccessful. Diplomatic ties were broken in early 1904, which prompted a surprise attack, by the Japanese navy on Port Author. The attack was hugely successful. Many of the Russian ships were damaged or destroyed in the attack. News of this brought great civil strife in Russia with a revolutionary fever in the air the people called for reform but the Czar declined the warning. (Encarta Russia)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In March 1904 the Japanese 1st Army landed at Chemulp’o. It faced Russian forces on the Yalu river by late April. The Russian commander, General Aleksey Kuropatkin decided to hold defensive position until reinforcements arrived. The Japanese commander however built up a 6 to 1 troop advantage and a breech of the Yalu river was forced on May 1st. During May the Japanese 2nd army landed on the Liaodong peninsula. It quickly severed communications between Port Author and the Russian forces in Manchuria. It then captured Kinchow and won the battle of Nanshan on May 30th. Soon the 2nd army besieged Port Author. The Russian commander Kuropatkin was personally ordered by Nicolas the 2nd to hold Port Author. Kuropatkin decided to move his main forces to Liaoyang.

Managing Remote Employees

After four years with Outlook Marketing Services Inc, Jeff Rappaport, in January 2001,emailed his entire staff at Northbrook, 111, announcing Suzette sexton’s promotion.  It would have been too long a walk for Suzette, no wonder she opted to work from home. She was not at all disturbed as none of her colleague at the twenty-man business stopped by her office to congratulate her, rather the commendations came in great quantities in form of emails-she was embarrassed.Rappaport said â€Å"all her hard work was recognized and rewarded†.This in-turn affected him positively. He has been able to overcome the one of the most troublesome work any employer is likely to encounter in the workforce of today-he manage remote employees by simply keeping them excited and engaged with developing a firm. This is a sure task every leader must face for as long as the quest for success remains.The choice of working from home with computer and internet access has become a welcome lifestyle for employees. Increasingly small business owners accommodate this method of work for they tend to benefit a lot when their employees work from the comfort of their homes. The author of Managing Telework:† Strategies for managing the virtual workforce† Jack. M. Nilles (John Wiley and sons, 1998), said ‘productivity increases for most companies with remote workers’. Again, he said ‘the higher the salary, the more the productivity gain’Their some inner barriers in work –from-home relationship between the two parties- the employer and the employees. These business owners themselves are often the biggest barriers to a productive relationship. A telecommunicating and virtual office consultant, Gil Gordon, in Monmouth Junction, N.J, once said that ‘the hardest thing is learning to manage with your brain instead of your eyeballs’. The most important thing for employees to do is to have aims and meet them, not just work alone.The fo under of the twelve employee, Rye Brook, N.Y based Acappella software, David Bromberg, oversees his three programmers who works from home by measuring /checking their ability to complete jobs. Most experienced managers of remote workers have succeeded in making a change and thereby improved the pattern to imitate the existing ones.An online time clock added by Mike Birdsall and his wife Maureen to run their company ; Birdsall InteractiveInc,has helped them to checkmate the on   time the sixteen employees of Oakland,California,web design firm   if they are working from home. What he actually does is – punch in his hour just as if he is in his office.Lack of corresponding ways of measuring productivity in the office makes the employers frequent discovery on productivity for their remote employees futile. On the other hand smaller companies with the remote workers are often more productive for they seems more focused –managers frequently rely on wise looking ideas in giving out and measuring work progress. These are clues that are not evident as one works from the comfort of his or her home.The president of Manufacturing Consultant DKM Inc, Murat Sehidoglu, for instance, assigns projects regularly to his seventeen employees. Most of these employees seldom visit the office in Los Angeles. Sehidoglu admits that lack of face time makes him experience a continual difficulty in making such assignments. He does not even know if the employees understand the job whether they are really willing to continue in it.The ability to assign task to an employee and checkmate him or her progress, is what Gordon calls ‘Hallway Management’. Another way is by asking questions based on the field of job assigned to the employee involved as you come across him/ them at any spot throughout the day. This rather becomes difficult to do when the employee works from home. Employees and manager can be kept coordinated by electronic mailing system.Technology and smart management has tremendously helped in overcoming communication difficulties. To keep tabs on her seven workers scattered throughout the country Louise Guryan, The principal of Media Connection LLC in Seattle, uses the electronic mailing system (email). Sometimes she will deliberately plan an email, which every employee had to copy as they work with one another and at the same time maintaining the customers relation through direct-mail projects.By using regular conference calls Rappaport was able to stay in –touch with her remote employees. This is one vital role the telephone plays in managing remote employees. ‘We have weekly teleconference with everybody and while a project is going on, there are almost daily teleconferences between the people involved’ she says.Remote workers are often difficult to get on phone, not even a prompt email response. Managers new to work-at-home sometimes may have a wrong impression at this and may just conclude, they have go ne out for pleasure, whereas these remote workers may be doing something else or even trying to get a project done. So he certainly does not need any distractions!For an employee to be available during a particular hour, there must be a discussion in advance of agreeing to their working from the comfort of their homes, says Nilles.Top employees need not payphone bills for Birdsall always foot it. He believes he can always reach them during business hours for as long as their phones are on. This is discretion and management strategy. It is also worthy of note that nothing discourages clients like when they cannot reach someone. For this reason, Guryan established a single toll-free number that easily connects client with her employees.By screening and forwarding incoming business calls, firms can easily reach an employee’s home. Therefore, balance is required to get in touch with a work-from-home employee. A New York consultant, Caryn Furst, who manage remote workers by traini ng businesses said ‘you have to stay out of people’s way. I don’t respond to every messages going back and forth’. By email a fast progress observation might come in handy. For this Gordon said that for every circumstance, the right form of communication should be selected. On the other hand, dialoging the difficulties with a client might fail.Somebody working from home cannot be easily made angry. Though quarrels sometimes arises but one need to learn how to detect it from a distance.It is well agreed that an employee cannot do the work of an employer for he know virtually nothing about it. Take for instance an employee calling Bromberg to talk to an intending client about a project- He could not communicate well with the client. In communication with remote workers of today, it is either by phone or email for they are faster than the posted mail. Managers may find opposition if their emails are copied between two parties thereby making a rubbish of the m essages. This may cause a lot of unrest if one is not sensitive enough.Quarrels may arise between the remote workers and the office employees. the in-office employees should be addressed properly –letting them know why things are the way they are or it may arouse a high level of resentment. There should be a sensation to the fear among remote employees being sidelined.To this end Rappaport fights the problem and makes sure that his entire employees understood that teleworker are part and parcel of the company. Building on success while working with remote employees requires special training. Again, for this teleworkers not to get stranded later on, a comprehensive policy handbook should be given from inception by the company. By simply detailing what an employee should do, the avenue for confrontation will not occur.Rappaport did it and it worked for him. He ensured that by the 7th of each month, expenses reports are ready.  Every employer should endeavor to train their rem ote workers whenever any new technology is added to the company’s system. An example of such modern technology is the instant messaging (IM). The office friendliness that remote employees may lack could be increased by the use of IM, if properly introduced. Instant messaging provides an outlet for his programmers, says Bromberg. He also added that ‘it’s a source for our humor’.Even though remote workers chose to work from home sometimes they may feel isolated. to this recognition, Guryan encourages teleworkers to join organizations and socialize.  Employers like Furst and Rappaport deemed it necessary for clients to organize lunches and recreations after off-meetings so that office and remote workers can harmonize with one another-building a team spirit. Looking at the case of this employer called Sehidoglu, it was from the survey he had with the remote staff that gave him the eye-opener that he has not been communicating the vision of the company to his staff properly. He thus opted to spending a part of every eyeball-to-eyeball meeting to relate an up to date running of the business to his remote staff.According to Rappaport; ‘There should never be any surprises’. This is a description that best suit a successful relationship with remote employees.SummaryAs a remote employee one may hardly be recognized since one is not visibly seen in the office .Sometimes the dirty and difficult job may even be done by that unknown worker. Wise business owners had developed a way in getting these remote workers excited as they in turn work for the company’s growth. With the presence of computer and internet access, most employees have taken a new lifestyle working from home.Some companies benefits if their employee’s works from the comfort of their homes, especially the small business owner’s .They believe that productivity increases wit the remote workers.What mostly attracts them is the salary. According to N illes ‘the higher the salary, the more the productivity gain. In this challenge of managing remote employees, it can easily be seen that business owners are themselves the obstacle to a productive remote working relationship. Most of them believe in the presence of the workers around them and the activities in the company instead of results.It is how well not how far! Some of them use devices in checkmating the activities with and without the company’s premises- how their employees are faring, whether they are doing their job or not. Anyway, keeping an eye on an employee is not the only reasons managers like having them around. They may also need their idea as in the progress of work. These ideas are missing when an employee works from the comfort of his or her home.Sometimes employers could be very confused not seeing their employees around them what they often do is-assign projects to them.The introduction of email technology can help any smart management overcome the se difficulties .It helps in keeping the employer and employees connected. Telephone is another device that has helped a lot in connecting people. With this device a teleconference may be held between the people involved in a project so as to stay in touch –employer and the remote employees.To get a remote worker a discussion prior to the date and hour of schedule should be settled. No wonder most of the managers new to remote work will complain that remote workers are difficult people-you hardly get them when you need them. In fact, balance is needed to communicate with a remote worker. In communicating with a remote employee, one should not rely on only one method.Every employee should endeavor to train their remote staff as regards any new technology introduced in the company’s system. An example is the Instant Messaging (IM). With proper introduction of this IM, an employer may create a friendly relation that remote workers may lack. ‘It is a source for humor ’ says Bromberg.Every employer should try to carry their staff along, be it in-office or remote staff.BibliographyThese are excerpt from the article written by Sandlund C.Retrieved March 22,2007,From Google search database.Books Used. Managing Telework; ‘Strategies for Managing the virtual workforce’ by Jack M. Nilles (John Wiley & Sons; $34.95; 1998).‘An Organizational guide to telecommuting’ by George. M.Puskurich (American Society for Training & Development: $29.95; 1998).Website & Organisations.International Telework Association & council (http://www.telcoa.org/)-member organization in telework.These are excerpt from the article written by Chris Sandlund.Online Services Schedule online (http://www.scheduleonline.com/) is an online scheduling tool that can help coordinate meeting & event between in-office & remote staff.

Disappearance of its Soviet

In less than two decades, Beijing has taken advantage of the disappearance of its Soviet neighbor to launch its program of development of the â€Å"Great West† and open up Gaining to border actions, while the states of Central Asia, seeking new partners, have sought to benefit from China's dynamism by integrating themselves into the Asia-Pacific zone of prosperity.While the Chinese authorities may make a point of honor in establishing cordial relations with the five states of the region, Astrakhan partnership with China is termed â€Å"strategic, confirming Stand as a major political ally of Beijing in a post-Soviet climate in which the Khaki government is displaying balanced and diversified policies in the face of Moscow heavy- handed presence. This privileged China-Astrakhan partnership is based on a alliterated economic reality. These days, China-Astrakhan trade represents more than two-thirds (about 70 percent) of all China-Central Asia trade.Unlike the other historical p ower in the region, Islam Karamazov Uzbekistan, Astrakhan, under the leadership of President Nursling Nazarene since 1989, has undertaken important economic liberalizing reforms that, despite their limitations, are now succeeding in attracting foreign investment. Astrakhan has thus become the second richest country in the post-Soviet space: with a GAP estimated at $9,400 per capita in 2006, it sits Just behind Russia (with approximately $12,000) but ahead of the other Central Asian countries (between $8,500 and $1,300).In 15 years, it has succeeded in dramatically halving the portion of its population living below the poverty line (now less than 25 percent), whereas in the other four states of the region, more than half of the population is still considered â€Å"poor. † In addition, the country has seen the emergence of a middle class, a guarantee of longer-term stability. The exponential growth in economic relations with China since the beginning of the sass has not once be en challenged.Astrakhan even opened a consulate in Hong Kong in 2003 and one in Shanghai in 2005 to facilitate contact. Nevertheless, economic relations between the two countries reveal multiple imbalances that are increasingly raising questions within Astrakhan's political class and among local experts. While the official Chinese position extols the complementarily of the two economies and the mutual benefit of trade, this optimistic view is largely disputed on the ground. Khaki concerns over possible Chinese domination are based not only on economic arguments .They need o be situated in a social context in which fear of China remains very real: the general lack of knowledge about China, and fear of too great a difference in demographic power, might well be important factors influencing Khaki reactions to China's growing presence. With the increasing integration with the global world, Chinese trade along with world trade as a whole is dominated by trade between major trading blocs, such as East Asia, the North American Free Trade Area (NONFAT) and the European Union (ELI) each of which includes economically advanced market economies.Of these partners Chinese trade with the EX. has increased significantly in importance . In 2008, the EX. imported IIS$378 billion of commodities from China (IIS$ 293. 1 billion reported by China), making China the largest supplier of EX. merchandise imports. These imports included merchandise from EX. companies that had relocated parts of their global production systems in China. The SEIZE exported IIS$ 113 billion of goods to China (IIS$ 132. 8 billion reported by China) making the EX. China's second largest source of imports (after Japan).The result was a IIS$ 265 billion trade deficit for the SEIZE. This deficit is a major source of contention between these two major riding partner. The last 20 years of china economy has been dramatic. World exports from China are growing dramatically to industrial country markets . This proce ss could continue for some time because of huge youth population. However, by some indicators, China's experience is less dramatic than that of Japan and Korea during their period of industrialization and integration with the global economy.Generally speaking trade between developed and developing economies involves a vertical division of labor in which developed economies produce high value-added goods and services and exchange them for low value-added goods and services from economically less-developed countries. When China embarked on a path of export-led growth, it accordingly specialized in sectors producing relatively simple, labor-intensive and mass-produced goods and services.To maintain sustainable economic growth, China's ambition is however to upgrade its industrial structure moving into more advanced sectors and functional roles including in its trade with economically advanced countries . The Chinese-Astrakhan regional economic cooperation, according to national interes ts of the Republic of Astrakhan, has good conditions for institutional semantics. Astrakhan is rich with oil: the proved stocks of oil of 24 billion tons on a land, and stocks of continental seas of 70 million tons.Astrakhan though has a stable and safe outlet to the sea and access to the international markets according to national interests practically it can't provide. To construction Chinese-Astrakhan the oil pipeline and the gas pipeline, practically export by Astrakhan of crude oil, gas and oil products depended on Russia. The Chinese-Astrakhan regional economic cooperation promotes distribution of Astrakhan structures of radioactivity and optimization of distribution of available resources . 1. 2 Astrakhan Trade Research Status Astrakhan for 21 years was deeply integrated into world economy, actively involved in globalization process.Now the republic does business practically all countries of the world. His trade partners are 212 states and territories on all continents. The v olume of the foreign trade commodity turnover for 1994-2010 grew from bal. Dollars to 90,1 billion. The highest volumes in 109,1 bal. Dollars were reached in 2008. In the history of the foreign trade relations of the country positive lance in 39,8 bal. Dollars, received for January – Seep. 2011, it is reached for the first time. It is expected that following the results of 2011 the volume of external commodity turnover will be the highest in the history of the country and will make about 115 bal. Lars. It should be noted that excess of export over import remains same as 1995 so far. In foreign trade of Astrakhan for years of Independence there were changes. Character and the maintenance of the external economic relations led to shifts in a geographical orientation of commodity streams . Two groups of partners were rated. With one steady growth is observed, with others recession was outlined. So, for 1995-2011 in a foreign trade turnover of the country the share of Europe grew from 26% to 31,6%, Asia from to 24%, including China from 4% to 21%, America from 1% to 5, Africa from to 0,22.Growth of deliveries of fuel and energy resources, mineral raw materials to these regions and growing volumes of purchases of the latest cars and the equipment from the developed countries became defining. From Africa, especially from Kenya, import of tea, Ghana cocoa increased, Tunisia and Egypt got wheat, Morocco sulfur. In export structure the greatest share is the share of EX. countries (48,5%), despite its decrease in comparison with 2010 for 3%. The main products of export are energy carriers and oil.The share of export to the Countries in a total amount of export for the last year decreased from 9,4% to 8,6%. Export to China, other countries of the world and other CICS countries for the last year, on the contrary, increased, having made 18,5%, 18,5% and 5,9% respectively. Geography of Astrakhan's exports In structure of import of ARK the greatest share is the share of the Customs union countries – 445% or 16,9 billion USED. This indicator is times more, than import volumes from EX. countries, it is 3,4 times more than a volume of import from China and in 5,7 times more import volume from other CICS countries.The share of deliveries from China, the countries of the Customs union and other CICS countries grows in import of ARK whereas from the others the direction decreases. As a whole volumes of export and ARK import in mutual trade increase, however it is difficult to give an unambiguous assessment of influence of the Customs Union on foreign trade of Astrakhan as process of administrative settlement of functioning of he Customs Union, harmonistic and unification of various procedures at implementation still proceeds mutual trade between participant countries.Further the analysis of structure of export and import in a section of raw and processed production will be carried out, and also specification of processed production on intermedi ate, consumer and means of production is presented. Export of the processed goods of ARK grows, having outstripped in 2011 volumes of 2008 for 10,6% or for 2,1 billion USED. At the same time, the specific weight of the processed export decreases. It is connected by that cost the volume of raw export rows quicker in connection with a rise in prices for energy resources.In 2011 the ratio of processed and raw production in import made 89% and 11% respectively, and the gain of import of processed production (24,4%) is more, than the gain raw that can promote a competition aggravation between foreign and domestic producers who and so are in rather vulnerable situation . Export grew so quickly mainly thanks to increase in physical volumes of deliveries and prices of oil, oil products, natural gas and radioactive elements uranium. The main buyers of these goods are EX. and China therefore their shares in the total amount of export increased.Volumes of export of other important export goods (ferrous and non-ferrous metals, including gold, and also grain and wheat flour) too increased, but in less than export of energy carriers that led to decrease in a share of these goods in a total amount of export in 2010 in comparison with 2000. It also led to decrease in shares of Russia and Switzerland which are large import-shooting galleries of metals from Astrakhan. During 2000-2010 Astrakhan practically stopped supply of oil and oil products to offshore zones (The Bermuda and British Virgin Islands).Astrakhan exports very few other goods besides energy resources, metals and grain; the share of such goods in the total amount of export decreased from 14% in 2000 to 6% in 2010; if to measure in absolute expression in the prices and at an exchange rate of 2010, this export decreased by 21%. 1. 3 China and Astrakhan on trade Development For Astrakhan, the future of economic relations with China is bilateral. The China-Astrakhan relationship will be strengthened even further by ac cession to the World Trade Organization (WTFO), which will enable Chinese companies to invest more in the Khaki market.Economic relations are also developing to a certain degree in a multilateral context through the Shanghai Cooperation (SOC), even if China's presence by way of the SOC is considerably greater in Gyrations and Atkinson. Thus, the $900 million of credit proposed by in 2004 – and implemented from 2006 onwards -was destined primarily for the region's poorest states, not for Astrakhan. Nevertheless, the Organization has instigated projects involving all the Central Asian states, such as the Caspian Sea-China highway that starts in Russia and crosses Astrakhan, rail connections, and the construction of hydroelectric power stations.However, despite the measures adopted by the SOC Business Council to strengthen linkages between the Central Asian states, government-to-government disagreements often delay their implementation. Several Khaki specialists also complain of the Co's inability to promote its economic strategies in business circles; some of its decisions are said to remain declarations of intent due to a lack of information among business leaders.. It is difficult to obtain a precise assessment of China-Astrakhan trade figures.The official statistics consider a little extent of cross-border trade, and cannot measure he amount of illegal trade, particularly in metals, or contraband, such as acetic anhydride, the chemical required to turn opium into heroin. Some local specialists point out significant differences between the Chinese and Khaki statistics. Thus, when Astrakhan claimed $550 million of trade with China in 1999, Beijing was already confirming more than $1 billion. In 2005, the discrepancy grew wider: Astrakhan, according to Stand, apparently achieved imports from China with a total value of $1. Billion, compared to almost $4 billion according to Beijing, and Stand reported exports to China worth nearly $2. Billion, exceeding t he Chinese figures by more than $500 million. The discrepancy can be attributed partly to political reasons: Stand seeks to overvalue its exports and undervalue Chinese imports in order to reduce a trade balance skewed too greatly in China's favor. In 2006, Astrakhan's trade deficit in relation to its neighbor was at least $1. 14 billion, 15 percent more than in 2005.On the other hand, the discrepancy can be explained by differences in accounting; Khaki businessmen have every reason to undervalue their trade flows in order to avoid taxes, unlike their Chinese counterparts, who receive tax concessions on exports. China's progress is so great that Beijing will soon catch up to Astrakhan's main trade partner, Russia. In 1992, China-Central Asia trade, two-thirds of which is China-Astrakhan trade, was barely $422 million, reaching $512 million in 1993. It plummeted in 1994 as a result of stricter visa processes, then rapidly climbed again, reaching $699 million 1997.It experienced a dec rease ($588 million) again as a result of the Russian economic crisis of the summer of 1998, which similarly affected Central Asia, then began to grow at a rate that seems unstoppable now. Trade passed $1 billion in 2000 before rising tenfold to more than $10 billion in 2006. The volume of trade tripled between 2002 and 2005, but continued to largely favor Chinese exports, which represented two thirds compared to Central Sais's one third. Thus, in 2006, China represented 15. 5 percent of Astrakhan's foreign trade (almost $9 billion), nearing Russian's 18. Percent (almost $11 billion). China's Trade Ministry quoted a figure of $10. 8 billion, which would put Moscow and Beijing on an equal footing, while Vladimir Paramount and Aliases Strokes add another $2 billion or more in illegal read, which would give China trade supremacy over Russia. According to Khaki experts, the bilateral trade figure is expected to reach $15 billion in 2008. The imbalance of power between China and Astrakha n remains glaringly obvious. In 2006, Astrakhan represented only 0. 49 percent of China's foreign trade (the whole of Central Asia representing 0. 60 percent).This imbalance is shifting to foreign investment: in 2005, China injected $1. 2 billion into the Khaki economy (82 percent in the hydrocarbon sector and 14 percent in the construction sector), whereas Astrakhan invested only $7. Million in China. The Chinese and Khaki economies are, however, proving to be complementary to a large degree. More than 80 percent of China's exports to Astrakhan are finished consumer items (textiles, shoes, appliances, toys, electronics, spare parts, pharmaceutical products, foodstuffs), while 85 percent of Astrakhan's exports to China consist of raw materials (petroleum, ferrous and non-ferrous metals).In some sectors such as aluminum, the unidirectional nature of trade flows is impressive: more than 95 percent of Astrakhan. 1. 4 Research Purpose and Science Contribution . 4. 1 Purpose This thesis aims to bring some conclusion like how the Bilateral relations between the countries have proved to be mutually beneficial to both for strategic reasons. The two economies are highly complementary. This thesis has tried to figure out how China can help Astrakhan in many areas since it has a lot of experience in how to develop.And to successfully overcome the negative aftermath of the global financial crisis, also managed to significantly increase the volume of trade and economic cooperation. At the same time the thesis has tried to figure out the active aspects and threat that has arisen in Astrakhan side because of heavily depended on consuming Chinese products and not developing the self-sustainable producing and manufacturing culture. 1. 4. 2 Science contribution With these research questions in mind, the purpose of this dissertation is to investigate how China and Astrakhan will make a business in the future.Keywords: export, import, GAP, Trade, development, bilateral relation. 2 Content and methodology 2. 1 Main content In the research we will analyze the main problems in Trade between China and Astrakhan and how to solve it. Despite stability of trade and economic, more detailed analysis of the Astrakhan-Chinese cooperation revealed a number of the main problems in system of the bilateral economic relations. First, prevalence of a raw orientation in structure of commodity turnover of Astrakhan with China.The analysis of export-import streams shows that about 98% of the Astrakhan export to China are made by strategically important raw materials. The special attention in March, 2008 in Beijing a business forum â€Å"Astrakhan -? China was paid to discussion of this problem: partnership for success†. In speech of the Prime minister of Astrakhan Karri Misaims it was noted that â€Å"the structure of the Astrakhan export to the People's Republic of China keeps a pronounced survey orientation† .The main articles of the Astrakhan export to China - ? goods of survey group: hire of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, scrap metal, oil, and also raw leather, cotton raw, wool. Astrakhan imports from China finished goods, first of all, goods of routinely demand, mechanisms, electric equipment, production of transport mechanical engineering, etc. And the Chinese import to Astrakhan is hardhearted in most cases by goods of not high quality which competes with domestic producer owing to the low price and quantity.During the research we will prove or disprove all our assumption. The thesis will be divided into three parts: 1) The remainder of part I contains a review of the relevant literature, an introduction to the theories used to answer the research questions and a detailed description of the method. These sections focus on the research area and research approach, providing an overall context for the thesis. 2) Part II includes the main analysis of the research subject. ) Part Ill contains a conclusion and recommendations. It summarize s the key findings from the dissertation.It also includes a further scenarios and suggestions for future. 2. 2 Methodology and data The researcher approaches the object subjectively based on their prior understanding of the object. Therefore the authors have chosen the descriptive approach. The descriptive approach does not mean that the authors will find an absolute truth, but rather form an understanding of the investigated subject. This study does not aim to measure the exact phenomena; in contrast we aim to receive a greater understanding of bilateral trade.Since the purpose of this paper was not to find any absolute truths, this approach will give us more freedom to interpret the information we have collected based on the frames of references. We have chosen a qualitative approach in order to be able to collect detailed information from the secondary data regarding the topic. This is of great importance in order to sustain answer to our purpose. This will lead to a greater unde rstanding for their choices regarding our questions and enables us to discuss among those.According to Holmes and Solving (1997) a qualitative approach will help the authors to research the problem more closely and also provides opportunities to ensure validity and reliability of the study . The authors need to interpret and understand the usage of how the area of interest works and how it can be used. It is an advantage if those who will implemental research of qualitative approach have knowledge about the area (Patella & Davidson 2003). According to Barman and Bell (2007), there are researchers who are critical to the qualitative approach due to subjectivity. However, we have tried to be as objective as possible in our study .

Abu Dhabi Airport Company Tourism Essay Example

Abu Dhabi Airport Company Tourism Essay Example Abu Dhabi Airport Company Tourism Essay Abu Dhabi Airport Company Tourism Essay Abu Dhabi Airport Company ( ADAC ) is in the Capital of UAE. ADAC is one of the biggest operator of Airports in the UAE. It was been established in March 2006. It is governed and owned by the UAE authorities itself. Headquarter of the company is in Dubai i.e. Abu Dhabi International Airport. This company when created kept few really of import things ever in their head. Abu Dhabi Airport Company besides operates the biggest Al Ain International Airport, the first private jet airdrome i.e. Al Bateen Executive Airport and in the Western Al Gharbia Region it operates Sir Bani Yas Island and Delma Island Airports. Board of Directors: The members of Board of Directors for Abu Dhabi Airport Company are as follows: H. E. Khalifa Mohamed Al Mazrouei Chairman A ; Managing Director HE Mubarak Hamad Al Muhairi Board Member HE Rashid Bin Lahij Al Mansouri Board Member HE Fahed Gharib Al Shamsi Board Member HE Mohamed Sultan Al Hameli Board Member HE Khalifa Mohamed Al Mazrouei is the Abu Dhabi Airports Company s Chairman and Managing Director. He takes attention and supervises the operation and direction of services at five airdromes in the Emirate. At ADAC, he helps and decides the manner for enlargement in substructure and installations taking topographic point in the emirate s air power sector. Organization Chart General Overview Abu Dhabi Airport Company ( ADAC ) is one of the largest operator in UAE of airdromes and it has the five most of import airdromes under its direction which are Abu Dhabi International which is anyways one of the largest, Al Bateen Executive, Al Ain International, Sir Bani Yas Island and Delma Island Airport. All of the five are being operated by ADAC. It has been Abu Dhabi Government s primary plus and is a multi-billion dollar investing undertaking. Traveling frontward they have now decided to develop a figure of concern and logistics Parkss in commercial sector. Abu Dhabi Airports Company is a public joint-stock company being constitutional by Emiri Decree figure 5, of 4th March 06, to forefront the development in the universe of the Emirates air power industry. It maintains, Operate and mandate airdromes substructure and its installations in the best manner to world-class criterions. ADAC oversees airdrome services given by private houses and other stakeholders in the best manner . Emirates airdromes are besides provided with proficient and direction services to allow or may be better than any other international criterions of efficiency. Run free zones has besides been established. ADACs creative activity was together with an ambitious restructuring enterprise that was launched by the Abu Dhabi s Government and it aimed at presenting better authorities services non merely to back up the Emirates long-run scheme but besides to transform it into a Centre for transporting out concern and touristry. This did assist them to increase the touristry in the state. They keep on bettering themselves to run into the international criterions and seek to keep it. Abu Dhabi Airport Company ( ADAC ) even after being one of the largest companies still believes in following six chief schemes. They are: Safety and security: This is the foundation upon on which all other advancement are based and therefore they are dependent with ADAC s end which non merely ensures that the airdromes it manages and operates are specified as amongst the safest in the universe but is besides the most convenient, dependable, and enjoyable airdrome. They are really serious and rigorous about the safety and security of the airdromes. This is one of the grounds of people wishing to pass through from their airdrome. There are regular and everyday cheques which guarantee that everything is perfectly all right in and near the airdromes. Customer service: Abu Dhabi Airport Company ( ADAC ) is very certain and confident when it comes to client service. They believe in quality than measure. Their committedness to client service is chiefly built on the companies promise to and towards the customers/passengers and air hoses that they will supply most safe and unafraid environments from which they can go. This makes the clients most satisfied and hence they travel tension free from this airdrome. Meeting capacity demands: Meeting Capacity demands had ever been an issue for many airdromes companies. Their prognosis says that by 2015 they would hold about 20 million customers/passengers pass throughing through Abu Dhabi International Airport entirely. To do this successful and to run into these capacities of theodolite is their precedence. They have set a big graduated table development programme to do this successful and do its airdrome s equipped with world-class installations. Efficient operation: ADAC s focal point on efficient operation means it puts a focal point on operating and pull offing its assets to optimum consequence and, from its origin it has employed a series of private sector partnerships, joint ventures or franchise understandings, every bit good as pulling on its internal endowment and experient executives which help them to accomplish the efficiencies and quality ADAC seeks and its clients expect. They are really peculiar about this. Corporate societal duty: ADAC is really peculiar about Corporate Social responsibilities excessively. They have hence employed people from different sectors to do this successful. Developing ADAC as a universe category company: ADAC s aspiration as other companies is to go a first company that leads in best pattern of supplying best service both in the UAE and internationally. This means they want to pull the best spouses from all over the universe every bit good as guarantee the highest degree of internal procedure and criterions. In the short clip Abu Dhabi Airport Company has received a figure of important and celebrated awards from regional and international organic structures, which includes: The best airdrome in the Middle East and Africa , in footings of service quality, courtesy and client service by The Airports Council International ( ACI ) , The Best Supplier of Airport Security Services in the Middle East by ITP Business Publishing, Supplier of the Best Baggage Delivery Service in the World from Skytrax, The Best Station award by Sri Lanka Airlines, Airport Service Quality Awards 2008 by The Airports Council International ( ACI ) and In-flight Catering Quality Assurance ( ICQA ) Gold Standard Award for 2008 by IATA. Competitive Advantage There are many advantages of the Aviation industry. It s a flourishing industry presently. There is a immense growing which has been found in the traveling of people through Airways. ADAC is one of the biggest airdrome authorization in UAE, which makes and gives it a better advantage in footings of supplying service and spread outing. International Expansion for the company After making so much ADAC now wants to turn as international operator and proprietor of the airdromes. They had been successful in the UAE. Now they want to spread out themselves and do them successful in the World. In footings of riders ( +34 % in Q1:2008 ) , infrastructural development, and acquiring new air hose operators, ADAC is one of the best turning airdromes in the universe. The airdrome is now undergoing a major enlargement and the entire sum earmarked for undertakings is US $ 6.8 billion. They should now be believing of going an international proprietor of airdromes. They have done really good in the current concern and now should travel for globalisation. Expansion in European state: France Harmonizing to me they should now be spread outing their concern in France one of the most of import state in European market. This would give them entree to the European market. France is situated in the Western Europe. It has several abroad districts and islands which are located on the other continents of the universe. This would give ADAC an entree to major parts of the universe. Because of its form France is besides known as lHexagone ( The Hexagon ) . It is bordered by most of import states. They are Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Italy and Monaco etc. Not merely is this but France besides linked to the United Kingdom through the Channel Tunnel. France portions its boundary line Gallic Guiana with Suriname and Brazil, and through Saint Martin with The Netherlands. France is the largest west-European state and possesses second-largest Exclusive Economic Zone in the universe. One of the of import establishing members of European Union is France. In the Europe it has got strong economic, cultural, military every bit good as political influence. France colonized i.e. took over great parts of North America during late nineteenth Century. The Legal, Technological and Political Factors: Before you really plan or think of traveling globally i.e. globalisation in any another state you should be look intoing the Legal, technological and political factors impacting that state. You should be certain that there is no regulation or policy which can impede the growing of your company in that state. Once you are clear about these factors you should so get down working towards globalisation. The political factors Before you plan of traveling your concern to France you have to look into many things which include the Legal, Technological and the Political Factors. When we talk about the political factors we talk about the revenue enhancement. The sort of Tax France has may be a existent factor that any approaching concern should believe about. It can either make your concern or can destruct it wholly. Along with this the labour cost is a bit high in France as compared with the UK and USA. The high revenue enhancement degree can be harmful for any new concern, nevertheless it could be reduced by good set uping the company, which means set uping the company in all, the advantages and possible net income brought by the proposed concern mostly overweight the disadvantages. How to set up the new company to accomplish success Since start an airdrome company is existent and besides involves more net income, it still necessitate see the manner to exert this concern activity with refering Legal factor, Technology factor and Social civilization. Once these are in the topographic point and are been taken really earnestly things can be easy. The legal factor France has many international Airports. As they already have airdromes therefore spread outing concern in France would non be so hard. France believes in civil jurisprudence system which is based on Roman jurisprudence and with significant trust on statute jurisprudence. There are 7 common company manners in France. ( Gordon C, 1996 ) The most popular manners are the Societe Anonyme ( SA ) and the Societe a Responsabilite Limitee ( SARL ) signifier every bit good as the Societe en Nom Collecitif ( SNC ) . To a new little house, SARL manner might be more favourable for following three grounds: SARL and SA signifier has limited liability i.e. the liability to their capital part is really limited, where as SNC has unlimited liability. Hence even if you have maximum hazard still and if in instance the concern prostrations still SARL can protect the laminitiss of the company and can profit them. Besides with limited liability of house s legal construction compared with that of SA manner, SARL is non composed to put up board of managers, which means, one bed could be removed within the company design. Third, SARL minimum capital registry required is a‚Â ¬9,000 about as compared with SA signifier. Therefore based on accounting cognition and the nonsubjective legal system, for a new start little concern, SARL construction will be more favourable. The societal civilization and technological factor Whenever you plan any new concern activities you need to concern about specific civilization background and the engineering available. So when a new start company designs their occupation and construction, they must be certain and should pay more attending to these factors since one time these agreements created, altering them will be really hard. In a really existent sense power and authorization within the organisation prevarication with the owner/manager. Infrastructure Features When we say substructure it means the substructure required to spread out the concern in that state. France is ready to give surplus of substructure demands in their state if any company wants to spread out their concern in France. Once you have planned your schemes of come ining into the France market you get entree to their merchandises. Fiscal Consideration This is once more a really of import factor to be kept in head for globalisation. It is really of import to cognize the fiscal standing of the state you are be aftering to spread out into. When we talk about France they have the capacity to pass. A good ball of the entire population in France has the capacity to gain and pass large. Labor Factors: This would assist you to understand the cost of getting/hiring Labor in that state. France has a strong base in Education. Hence Labor would non be an issue in that state. Demographic factors Traveling back to the twelvemonth 1999, the population of France was 58,518,748. The population in France was low as compared to other states in the Western Europe. To maintain the population up and better, household allowances were distributed to each family/child, and that was without any limitation on income. The mobility of population from urban to rural countries and from part to France part is a batch which makes things better for them. Social Division: We can non deny the fact that there are many factors which has improved the criterion of life of France a batch. At the same clip it besides been observed that they are making a wider societal division in footings of fiscal power across the society. After the Second World War the old societal order changed. The enlargement of in-between Class household in France reduced the difference between the equality of wealth about in many societal groups. In today s universe money, power and success are playing major function above birth in finding a individual s societal position.The another major alteration that took topographic point in France is the adult females function growing in the present society. Merely by early 1970s, adult females besides started taking occupations in many service sectors this spread outing the service sector. Today in France adult females contribute about 45.9 per centum of all employed Gallic workers. Even though adult females are being paid less than work forces still the unemployment ratio of Women are much less than that of the work forces. It s besides been noticed that adult females have played a turning function in political relations. There are many fit illustrations of adult females who pursued successful callings in political relations. Even though they are turning about in every sector still it s been noticed that their representation in the national parliament is lower. There are many societal divisions which still remain seeable in France. It s composed largely of many taking politicians, some most senior civil retainers, turning concern leaders, and affluent households which still got a strong clasp on the levers of power. Nowadays in-between categories are extremely stratified. When we talk about the white-collar workers, there are chiefly two different groups. They are: Up, Successful mobile senior executives and extremely professional who have good disbursement power and got really stable Jobs. Peoples in retail, clerical and nutrient and drink occupations are turning in mass and their criterion of life is still non up to the grade. They still live low standard life. Out of these blue-collared families you have a really little proportion of university pupils. Class consciousness is still really strong in France. Symbolic capital plays a big and major function in the societal category, and non merely wealth but besides the household connexions and their lifestyle find one s societal place and chances in France. Family construction Families are still the anchor of Gallic individuality and the community life. Though may be these yearss twosomes marry subsequently and would wait longer to hold kids. May be in bigger towns this would be altering but throughout France you can see large households traveling out for Lunch together or may be for a field day or taking portion together is some sort of athletics and leisure. If we talk about little small towns or town, it s truly non difficult to retrieve any two or more people related to each other. The basic unit of Gallic society traditionally is household. Nuclear households are now been found in France, earlier it was extended households. Merely after the World War II this is been noticed. However matrimonies have decreased which has besides resulted in addition in divorce in France. Market Features: Entering into the market of France is non so hard. What matters is the enlargement in the right manner and right signifier. The market of France for Aviations seems to be really positive. Harmonizing to the World Bank Data French economic system is among the 20 most productive in the universe. France has a strong base of educational system. A big per centum of immature Gallic people complete a grade in university every twelvemonth which means it provides a big figure of educated and trained persons every twelvemonth. Along with this the political aid is once more the chief ground of thought of spread outing concern in France. Not merely this, the economic system besides provides figure of strengths to proprietors who are believing and idea of spread outing their concern in France. France has been ranked the 21st most concern friendly state in 2010 by Forbes ; whereas World Bank has ranked it the 26th best state. They are utilizing progress engineering which makes this clear that they are turning and are really positive in allowing others get their concern and expand in the state. The Gallic people exposed to low corruptness, strong base of instruction, personal freedom and a high quality of life. Many Companies who planned to spread out their concern in France have great entree to the educated persons and foreign employees which is done through the state s rank in the European Union. It takes around 7 yearss merely to get down a concern in France even though revenue enhancements are really high as compared to many other European Countries. ( Tian, 2010 ) Section 3 Cultural Factors Cultural factors are once more really of import and have to be kept in head before you plan any state for spread outing your concern in that state Language The linguistic communication spoken in France is chiefly Gallic. It is their first linguistic communication is every bit been used by about 88 % of the population. Some of them do speak German but the per centum would be about 3 % of the population merely. Another linguistic communication which is spoken in France is Flemish which is merely 0.2 % of the Gallic population. Very few of them besides speak Arabic. In Dubai, Arabic is their official linguistic communication. However, everyone in Dubai would be able to talk in English. You would happen all street marks are in both English and Arabic linguistic communication. You would happen about everyone speech production in English in Dubai as it s easier for them to pass on. Not merely in professional and corporate evidences besides in societal and personal evidences, would you happen people talking in English than in any other linguistic communication. ( Social Culture ) Religion While speaking about France you would happen around 83 % to 88 % Roman Catholic, about 2 % would be the Protestant, 1 % ( approx ) Jewish, and 5 % to 10 % Muslim. In Dubai it s about opposite. You would happen about most of people are Muslims as Dubai is in the United Arab Emirates. They merely belief in Islam and there are Mosques scattered everyplace in the City. You would be able to hear supplications 5 times about every twenty-four hours, which are busiest on Fridays. Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions This is the survey in which you analyze how civilization influence values in the organisations. The manner of concern communicating in France is really formal. They liked to be called as Monsieur or Madame followed by the family name. They believe in interacting in this manner merely. If you know their national civilization they might so travel towards the usage of first name. They do believe in agitating custodies and caressing is common non merely among friends but even concern spouses may travel in that way. They are really sensitive about their female parent lingua i.e. Gallic. If you do non cognize even a spot of Gallic it could be really hard for you. National civilization affect on operations of the organisation National civilization plays a major function in spread outing or destructing your concern. Your concern does depend on the sort of civilization the state you are be aftering to spread out is following. As we are speaking about France here their civilization is really formal and they believe in speech production in Gallic. In the beginning it might be hard to spread out at a fast rate but one time you mingle with the state it would be really easy to travel farther. Market Entry Strategy As the word says, it merely means supplying service to a peculiar market and administering goods at that place. Traveling concern to France would non be so hard if the schemes are planned good in progress before doing it a world. When you start exporting or importing goods you are really set uping and pull offing contracts in foreign. There are chiefly four ways which are: Exporting: Exporting merely means directing the merchandises outside the state to the coveted state through any manner of transit. It means the merchandise is been developed in the original state and is merely been sent to the targeted state. The targeted company is importing the merchandises from the bring forthing companies state. Licensing: Licensing means you have the licence to do and bring forth merchandises in the targeted state. In simple words the targeted state has allowed to utilize their belongings and to make the same you need to pay some kind of Tax. Joint Ventures: It means that you open in partnership and the spouse is a occupant of the targeted state. This take topographic point largely when targeted state does non let license straight to the company instead ask to convey a spouse and so open the concern. Direct Investing: Foreign Direct Investment besides known as FDI is the direct ownership of installations and merchandises in the targeted state. It involves many factors like capital, engineering and personal. ( Market Entry ) Marketing Strategy that ADAC should use: ADAC should travel for Joint Venture as that would offer them a safe entry in the targeted state which is France. This would assist them to acquire the most of import resource which is employees who would be able to talk fluid Gallic. This would assist them to increase the concern to the extent they are be aftering to. Decision The quickly turning air power and touristry has created a demand for new tracks and airdromes. This is the right clip when companies like ADAC should be believing of spread outing their concern every bit much as they can but safely. They should be spread outing the concern but by keeping the quality of their service. There following state where they should spread out their concern should be France as it helps them in many ways. It gives them entree to about major parts of the World. This should assist them to turn bigger and bigger in approaching yearss.

The most notable discoveries in biology, medicine and pharmacy during Essay

The most notable discoveries in biology, medicine and pharmacy during the Golden Age - Essay Example Some of the well-known physicians and thinkers are Al-Razi and Ibn Sina and they developed a healthcare system with hospitals running for 24 hours and treatment based in Ayurveda and Unani (Allsen, 1984, p, 67-69). Another renowned Islamic scholar Ibn Sina authored Canon of Medicine a seminal work that was printed many times and read in Europe. The scholar Ibn Al-Haitham wrote extensively on the subject of ophthalmology while Ishaq Ibn, another scholar wrote a treatise Practical Medical Deontology. Al-Tabari wrote, another scholar wrote the Paradise of Wisdom that linked diverse subjects namely, psychotherapy, counselling, psychology and medicine (Atiyeh & Hayes, 1992, p. 45-61). The scholar Zakariya Raziwas who served as the chief surgeon in the hospitals of Baghdad and Cairo, wrote the well-received Ahlaq al-Tabeeb. This was a book on medical ethics in which he discussed the model role of the physician and specified the methods to distinguish between measles and small pox and the method of treating these diseases (Lombard, 1975, p. 123-128). Raziwas also wrote the kitab-al Hawi fi al-tibb also called as the Comprehensive book of medicine with 23 volumes where each volume discussed specific parts of the body and their related diseases (Sonn, 2011, p. 81-89). This book was used as a textbook in several European universities until the seventeenth century. Another book he wrote was the Kitab Tibb al-Muluki where he discussed dieting and moderation and the manner in which diseases can be controlled through dieting (Meri, 2005, p. 63). Pharmacy: Medieval Islam produced many scholars who wrote about medicines obtained from plants and body parts of various animals. The Islamic scholar Yuhanna b. Masawayh wrote a treatise on the medicinal effects of Cannabis sativa Linnaeus or hemp and Papaver somniferum Linnaeus, poppy. He suggested using the drug to relieve pain from fevers, eye and toothaches

UC Admissions Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

UC Admissions - Personal Statement Example This paper the researcher is writing to apply for the Business Administration program specializing in accounting. At this point in life where he has to decide on his professional future, the author has chosen to pursue a career in business administration mainly due to his interest in the field and the confidence he has gained through his work experiences. The author has been interested in business and accounts since high school and this has today become a major motivating factor for pursuing his further education. After graduating from high school, the researcher worked for a business concern run by his friend’s father for about a year which was a good learning experience in more ways than one. This work experience made him realize the importance of accounting in business ventures and also inspired him to learn the core aspects of the subject in order to fully understand and comprehend business-related problems and issues.   In addition, the author also worked at a local ban k during his summer break and this experience provided him an opportunity to learn many aspects of accounting and its related issues. The author’s experiences have provided a good platform to explore and understand the different aspects related to business and accounting. Every experience that he stood to gain reinforced his interest in the subject and his determination to excel in his chosen field. The author’s work experiences have made him become more efficient and resourceful.